Open-source alternatives to Cadquery

Fornjot is a CAD modeling kernel and 3D geometry engine designed for the creation and manipulation of precise mechanical shapes. It functions as a B-Rep 3D modeling kernel, using boundary representation to define the shapes and topologies of three-dimensional models. The project provides a B-Rep geometry visualizer to render 3D models in a windowed environment for visual verification. It also includes a pipeline to export internal geometric representations into external data formats for compatibility with other software. The engine covers geometric modeling through primitive-based constructi

FreeCAD is an open-source engineering design suite designed for parametric 3D modeling, architectural planning, and mechanical assembly. It functions as a professional-grade platform that utilizes history-based operations to allow for non-destructive design updates, enabling users to construct complex geometry through a sequence of constrained sketches and solid operations. The platform distinguishes itself through a highly modular, workbench-based architecture that allows users to tailor the interface and toolsets to specific engineering domains. It features deep Python integration, which se

This project is a web-based 3D architectural editor used for creating and sharing building projects. It functions as a core architectural engine that combines a GPU-accelerated web renderer with parametric 3D design tools to visualize and navigate complex models within a browser. The editor features a parametric geometry engine that automates the creation of mitered wall corners and cutouts for doors and windows. It includes an IFC model importer to convert Industry Foundation Classes files into editable 3D scenes and a hierarchical spatial manager to organize building elements from the site

Plasticity is a computer-aided design environment and vector-based geometry editor. It functions as a NURBS-based 3D modeling tool for constructing complex geometric shapes and spatial layouts using parametric control. The software includes an adaptive user interface layout engine that automatically rearranges and resizes elements based on screen dimensions. It provides a system for refining 3D model geometry through the manipulation of individual curve control points and surfaces. The platform incorporates spatial querying capabilities, utilizing raycasting and boxcasting to detect intersec

This is a dependency injection framework and inversion of control container for Python. It decouples object creation from business logic by managing how services and their dependencies are assembled, delivered, and linked within an application. The framework is distinguished by its ability to perform automated component wiring, using import hooks and decorators to inject dependencies into functions and classes across different modules. It supports non-blocking flows through an asynchronous dependency resolver and manages the initialization and shutdown sequences of shared external resources a

LibreCAD is an open-source, cross-platform 2D CAD application for creating and editing precise technical drawings. It functions as a full-featured drawing editor that reads and writes industry-standard DXF and DWG file formats, enabling cross-application compatibility. The software provides tools for creating 2D designs with support for layers, dimensions, and geometric primitives, along with precision features like snapping to endpoints, midpoints, and intersections. It also includes a command-line converter that can export DXF drawings to PDF, SVG, and PNG formats for batch processing or in

SpaceshipGenerator is a 3D model generator and procedural asset creator designed to produce unique spaceship meshes within Blender. It functions as a procedural mesh generator that uses random seeds and configurable geometry settings to automate the creation of complex vessel designs. The tool includes a texture mapping utility that applies custom images to 3D surfaces using cube mapping to simulate reflections and window lighting. It generates diverse spacecraft shapes to support the production of science fiction concept art. The system manages the generation process through parametric hull

This project is a Three.js utility library and a collection of declarative React components designed for building 3D scenes. It provides a set of abstractions that wrap low-level primitives to manage lifecycles and memory disposal, serving as a geometry generator, a post-processing pipeline, and a scroll-driven animation tool. The library is distinguished by its specialized camera control systems, which include unified abstractions for orbit and perspective views as well as real-time face tracking and landmark detection via webcam feeds. It also features interactive transform gizmos for objec

POV-Ray is a ray tracing rendering engine that transforms text-based scene descriptions into photorealistic three-dimensional images and animations. It parses plain-text files containing scene geometry, lighting, textures, and camera definitions into an internal computational data structure, then calculates precise mathematical ray-scene intersections against geometric primitives and triangle meshes. The engine incorporates advanced lighting and geometry capabilities, including bounding hierarchy optimization to skip collision checks against distant geometry, and constructive solid geometry f

PyVista is a scientific 3D plotting framework and visualization library that provides a Python interface for rendering and analyzing spatial datasets using a VTK backend. It functions as a volumetric rendering engine and a 3D mesh analysis tool for computing geometric properties and performing boolean operations on surface and volumetric meshes. The project is distinguished by its ability to operate as a headless 3D renderer, generating high-quality renders and animations on remote servers without a physical display. It also features a lazy-accessor extension mechanism that allows the registr

verlet-js is a JavaScript 2D physics engine and Verlet integration library used to simulate point masses and geometric constraints. It functions as a computational tool for calculating particle movement and structural interactions to create stable physics animations in browser environments. The project acts as a geometric constraint solver that enforces fixed distances and angles between interconnected nodes. This allows for the modeling of complex physical shapes and structures, such as cloth or rigid bodies, by iteratively adjusting particle positions. The engine includes a canvas animatio

Trois is a declarative 3D scene manager and a Three.js component library for Vue 3. It acts as a reactive wrapper that maps Three.js scene graphs and materials to a Vue component tree, allowing for the creation of web-based 3D renderers using HTML-like templates. The project synchronizes a reactive component tree with a 3D scene graph through proxy-based state binding and reactive property mapping. It features a component-based scene graph that manages spatial transformations and object lifetimes, integrating a requestAnimationFrame loop with component lifecycle events. The library covers a

DataX is a distributed data integration framework and plugin-based ETL tool designed for synchronizing large datasets between heterogeneous sources and destinations. It functions as a JDBC data migration engine and offline synchronization tool, enabling the movement of data between relational databases, NoSQL stores, and object storage. The system utilizes a plugin-based connector architecture that decouples reader and writer logic, allowing it to map and transform data types across different storage engines using a standardized internal representation. This design supports heterogeneous data

webgl-fundamentals is a comprehensive educational resource and graphics tutorial for learning hardware-accelerated 2D and 3D rendering using the WebGL API. It serves as a structured 3D graphics curriculum and GPU programming reference, guiding users through the graphics pipeline from basic geometry to advanced rendering techniques. The project provides detailed guides on GLSL shader development, including the creation of vertex and fragment shaders. It specifically focuses on the implementation of real-time lighting models—such as directional, point, and spot lighting—and the application of s

Orillusion is a WebGPU 3D rendering engine designed for high-fidelity scenes and visual effects in the browser. It functions as a GPU compute framework for parallel mathematical operations and a physically-based rendering graphics pipeline for realistic materials and surfaces. The system also includes a web-based 3D animation toolkit for driving skeletal animations and interpolating vertex positions. The engine is distinguished by its use of an entity component system for scene logic and a macro-based shader generation system that creates multiple shader variants. It optimizes performance thr

DeepXDE is a scientific machine learning library and deep learning PDE solver used to compute solutions for forward and inverse ordinary, partial, and integro-differential equations. It functions as a physics-informed neural network library that embeds physical laws and boundary conditions directly into the neural network loss function. The project provides a deep operator network framework for learning operator mappings that approximate relationships between functions in multiphysics problems. It is implemented as a multi-backend tensor library, allowing the system to switch between differen

ogl is a WebGL graphics library and 3D scene graph engine designed for rendering three-dimensional scenes. It provides a lightweight framework for managing geometries and coordinating spatial transformations within a hierarchical system. The project includes a PBR shader system for creating realistic materials and a GPGPU computation framework for performing large-scale general-purpose calculations and particle simulations on the graphics processor. It also features a post-processing suite for applying visual filters to rendered scenes via frame buffers. The library covers broader capabiliti

QCAD is a professional two-dimensional computer-aided drafting application designed for creating technical drawings, engineering schematics, and architectural plans. It provides a comprehensive suite of geometric construction and modification tools that allow users to draft precise layouts while managing complex project structures through layers, blocks, and part libraries. The software distinguishes itself through an integrated scripting framework that enables users to automate repetitive design tasks and develop custom tools to extend core functionality. It also functions as a manufacturing

This project is a browser-based, physically based path-tracing renderer built on WebGL and integrated with Three.js. It functions as a real-time global illumination engine, calculating light bouncing, soft shadows, reflections, refractions, and color bleeding interactively within web environments. The rendering system incorporates progressive multi-pass accumulation to refine noisy images iteratively over multiple frames, alongside GPU-accelerated spatial acceleration structures and bounding volume hierarchies to handle complex geometry. It supports diverse material types such as refractive

This project is a CSS layout framework that functions as a responsive UI geometry solver. It replaces traditional static box model calculations with a constraint-based engine that determines element positions and dimensions by evaluating relational rules. The engine distinguishes itself by using a system of linear equations to resolve geometric conflicts, ensuring that all spatial constraints are satisfied simultaneously. It utilizes a shorthand visual syntax to define these relationships, allowing developers to describe complex alignment and spacing requirements through a declarative languag

This project provides a collection of algorithmic implementations for computational geometry, focusing on spatial analysis, mesh construction, and geometric data processing. It serves as a toolkit for generating and manipulating complex shapes, surfaces, and spatial relationships within interactive three-dimensional applications. The library distinguishes itself through a suite of mathematical functions designed for procedural mesh generation and geometric partitioning. It includes specialized routines for calculating convex hulls, performing boolean operations on polygons, and detecting inte

mujoco_menagerie is a curated library of physical robot specifications and XML model definitions designed for standardized dynamics and contact simulation. It provides a collection of high-quality robot model files for humanoids, quadrupeds, and manipulators, alongside detailed kinematic and inertial parameters used to reproduce real-world robot behavior in virtual environments. The project serves as a repository of robotics simulation assets and MJCF model definitions optimized for accuracy. It includes standardized model libraries specifically for bipedal, quadrupedal, and humanoid hardware

Chrono is a multi-physics simulation suite that functions as a multibody dynamics simulator, a finite element analysis tool, and a robotics simulation framework. It provides specialized solvers for fluid-solid interaction and distributed physics engines capable of synchronizing multiple agents across a network. The project features a dedicated pipeline for converting CAD assemblies into simulation-ready formats and integrates directly with robot operating systems to validate autonomous control logic and sensors. It differentiates itself through the use of WebAssembly for portable browser-base

pifuhd is a 3D human reconstruction framework that generates high-resolution 3D meshes of people from a single 2D image. It utilizes pixel-aligned implicit functions to map image pixels to 3D space, predicting surface occupancy and distance to create detailed geometry. The system includes a pipeline for creating digital human assets, moving from 2D image feature projection to the extraction of discrete triangular meshes. It features specialized tools for refining these models, including a post-processor that removes geometric artifacts by isolating the largest connected component of the mesh.

This project is a comprehensive library and toolkit for simultaneous localization and mapping, designed to construct three-dimensional environment models while tracking device position. It functions as a robotics perception framework that processes data from RGB-D, stereo, and lidar sensors to enable autonomous navigation and spatial awareness. The system distinguishes itself through its focus on long-term mapping and global consistency. It employs a sophisticated loop-closure detection engine and graph-based pose optimization to identify previously visited locations and eliminate cumulative