Open-source alternatives to Rust By Example

This project is a structured Rust programming curriculum and systems programming course designed to take learners from beginner to expert levels. It provides a comprehensive set of training materials focused on mastering the core syntax, idioms, and technical foundations of the Rust language. The project features a specialized language transition framework that maps concepts from C++, managed languages, and dynamic typing to Rust idioms. This allows developers from different ecosystems to translate architectural patterns and memory models into idiomatic Rust. The training covers a broad rang

Reason is a strongly typed functional language and multi-target compiler designed to produce either JavaScript for web environments or native machine code for operating systems. It serves as an OCaml-compatible language that shares an abstract syntax tree with OCaml, providing a practical syntax for the OCaml ecosystem. The project functions as a type-safe frontend language, incorporating JSX support to build user interfaces through structural elements that translate into type-safe function calls. It enables deep integration with the JavaScript ecosystem, allowing the use of existing librarie

This project is a localized educational resource for learning the Rust programming language, providing a comprehensive guide and technical specifications translated into Simplified Chinese. It serves as an instructional tool for studying language idioms, memory management, and type systems. The repository focuses on software documentation localization, converting official guides into Simplified Chinese to increase accessibility for non-English speakers. It utilizes a markdown-based system to organize content and supports multi-format export to static HTML, PDF, and EPUB formats for both web a

This project is an educational resource designed for learning the Python programming language. It serves as a tutorial repository and programming guide, providing a collection of annotated scripts, code examples, and cheatsheets to help users master syntax and core fundamentals. The resource focuses on moving from basic language syntax to advanced implementation, with a particular emphasis on object-oriented programming, the use of the Python standard library, and scripting automation for business workflows. The content covers a broad range of programming capabilities, including control flow

Crystal is a statically typed, compiled programming language designed for high performance and memory safety. It leverages an LLVM-based compiler to translate source code into optimized machine-executable binaries, while its type-inference-based static analysis enforces strict safety rules during the build process. The language distinguishes itself through a fiber-based concurrent runtime that manages lightweight execution units for asynchronous input and output without blocking the main process. It also features a powerful compile-time macro system that allows for the inspection and transfor

This project is an educational blog and learning resource dedicated to the Rust programming language. It provides a collection of curated guides, technical articles, and structured learning paths designed to teach language fundamentals, concurrency, and systems programming. The repository distinguishes itself by offering practical implementation tutorials for complex systems. This includes detailed guides on compiler development—specifically translating source code into targets such as ARM64, x86_64, LLVM IR, and WebAssembly—as well as networking examples for building multithreaded chat serve

Eloquent-JavaScript is a comprehensive JavaScript programming textbook and interactive coding tutorial designed for web development education. It serves as both a language reference and a practical guide, combining theoretical lessons with an environment where learners can execute and modify code examples. The project focuses on the fundamental principles of the JavaScript language, including lexical scoping, prototype-based inheritance, and asynchronous patterns. It provides detailed instruction on object-oriented programming, functional programming, and the use of the browser DOM to create

This project is a collection of instructional resources and curriculum materials designed to teach the Java language. It provides a structured programming course, a fundamentals guide, and an object-oriented programming tutorial, supported by a series of practical coding exercises and implementation challenges. The curriculum focuses on implementing object-oriented patterns, including inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. It covers the creation of classes, the use of interfaces to define behavioral contracts, and the application of access modifiers to control data visibility. The educa

Carp is a statically typed Lisp compiler that compiles Lisp-like syntax directly to C source code, enabling seamless integration with existing C libraries and low-level system programming. It manages memory deterministically at compile time using ownership tracking and linear types, eliminating garbage collection pauses and runtime overhead while ensuring type safety through an inferred static type system. The language distinguishes itself through compile-time macro expansion and metaprogramming capabilities, allowing code generation and transformation before final binary output. It enforces

Walt is a transpiler and typed language that converts a JavaScript-like syntax into WebAssembly binary format. It functions as a toolchain for developing high-performance logic for browsers and runtimes by translating typed source code into WebAssembly text format. The project includes a bundler-integrated loader that automates the recompilation of source files during the build process. It provides a linear memory manager used to define custom data layouts, structs, and memory allocators within a contiguous heap. The language supports defined function signatures, numeric types, and the abili

This project is an algorithm implementation reference and educational resource providing a library of common computer science algorithms implemented in Rust. It serves as a codebase for learning data structures and algorithmic logic through practical, executable examples. The collection is designed for computer science education and rust language proficiency, allowing users to study computational patterns and solve programming challenges. It provides a reference for those practicing competitive programming or seeking to understand how to apply Rust idioms to standard algorithmic logic.

Rhai is an embedded scripting engine and dynamically typed language designed for integration into Rust applications. It functions as an abstract syntax tree compiler and native interop layer, allowing developers to map Rust types and functions into a scripting environment for bidirectional communication. The project serves as a framework for creating customizable domain-specific languages. It allows for the definition of custom operators, syntax, and restricted execution environments, enabling the creation of specialized languages with tailored functional sets. The engine covers a broad rang

This project is a collection of learning resources, documentation, and boilerplate templates designed for developers studying the Flutter framework and Dart language. It provides a comprehensive set of installation guides, configuration tutorials, and reference materials to assist in building cross-platform mobile applications. The repository distinguishes itself through a wide array of practical examples, including Dart language grammar demonstrations, cross-platform UI patterns, and project templates. It specifically provides sample code for implementing native platform plugins and bridging

This project is a comprehensive, community-maintained knowledge base and toolkit designed for competitive programming. It serves as a centralized repository for algorithmic theory, data structures, and mathematical techniques, providing a structured reference for informatics and collegiate programming competitions. The project distinguishes itself by integrating educational content with a robust suite of automation utilities. It provides a complete workflow for competitive programming, including tools for automated test case generation, solution verification, and direct interaction with onlin

This project is a collection of programming language references and syntax cheat sheets designed for rapid developer onboarding. It serves as a library of code-based documentation that uses valid source code files to provide whirlwind tours of various language specifications. The project focuses on programming language learning by providing concise, commented code examples that explain core features and syntax in place. This approach enables developers to quickly grasp language-specific patterns, data types, and execution flow through a consistent reference format. The content covers a broad

This project is a Lisp interpreter implementation guide and framework designed to teach the core principles of programming language design. It provides a structured, step-by-step technical framework for building a functional Lisp language from scratch, featuring a specialized interpreter engine and an S-expression parser that converts syntax into abstract syntax trees. The project emphasizes a code-as-data metaprogramming framework, enabling the implementation of macros, quoting, and quasiquoting to transform expressions during evaluation. It is designed with host language agnosticism, allowi

Easy Rust is a beginner course and programming tutorial designed to teach the fundamentals of the Rust language. It provides instructional material and technical documentation tailored for those new to coding and non-native English speakers. The project uses simplified English to translate complex programming concepts into basic vocabulary. This approach bridges the gap between professional technical terminology and beginner-friendly language through concept-mapping and a modular, topic-based structure. The learning materials cover core programming fundamentals and systems programming basics

This project is a structured educational course and interactive tutorial designed to teach the TypeScript type system. It functions as a coding sandbox where users learn through a series of guided exercises and challenges that are verified using an automated local test runner. The curriculum covers a progression of skills starting with basic typing fundamentals and core language patterns. It advances into generic abstractions, complex type transformation techniques, and advanced type programming. The material also includes practical applications of software engineering patterns, such as bran

The Rust RFCs repository is the formal home for the Rust language evolution process, housing the structured design documents and community review mechanisms that govern changes to the Rust programming language, its compiler, and its standard library. It defines the complete lifecycle for proposing, discussing, and implementing substantial changes through RFC documents, from initial submission and community feedback through final comment periods and sub-team sign-offs. The repository codifies the governance and collaboration processes that shape Rust's development, including mechanisms for com

This project is a structured Rust programming course and learning path consisting of a sequence of interactive coding exercises. It provides a curriculum designed to guide learners from basic language fundamentals, such as syntax and type systems, to the development of complex applications. The learning experience is supported by a command-line solution validator that verifies the correctness of code solutions. The curriculum follows a progressive problem sequencing model, allowing users to master memory management and application logic through a series of practical coding challenges. The sc

This project is an educational platform and tutorial series designed to teach the Go programming language through the practice of test-driven development. It provides a structured path for developers to master language fundamentals, concurrency, and standard library usage by building functional applications in small, verifiable increments. The core methodology centers on the test-driven development cycle, where failing tests are written before implementation to define requirements and ensure code correctness. This approach is applied across a wide range of practical scenarios, including the c

This project is a comprehensive guide and educational resource for the TypeScript language. It covers the fundamental principles of the language, including its structural type system, static type analysis, and the process of transpiling typed source files into JavaScript. The material details how to model complex data and reusable type logic using generics, conditional types, and mapped types. It also explains the use of declaration files to provide type safety for external JavaScript libraries and the integration of type checking into existing JavaScript projects via JSDoc annotations. The

ArnoldC is an esoteric programming language whose syntax is built entirely from Arnold Schwarzenegger movie quotes and catchphrases. It is an intentionally humorous language that maps one-liners from the actor's filmography to programming constructs, creating a playful and unconventional coding experience. The language operates on a 16-bit signed integer type system with stack-based arithmetic, supporting addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. It provides procedural control flow through conditional branching and looping, using movie-quote keywords such as "STICK AROUND" for loop

The Concise TypeScript Book: A Concise Guide to Effective Development in TypeScript. Free and Open Source.

Slang is a shader compiler framework that combines a modular shading language with automatic differentiation, multi-target code generation, and an intrinsic mapping and extension system. At its core, Slang provides a differentiable shader compiler that automatically generates forward and backward derivative propagation for functions with control flow, enabling gradient-based optimization in graphics. The framework also includes a fully featured shader language with modules, generics, interfaces, and separate compilation, all designed for building reusable shader libraries. From a single source

Pyrefly is a static type checker for Python that operates as a language server, delivering real-time diagnostics, completions, and navigation in any editor supporting the Language Server Protocol. It also performs static tensor shape analysis, using symbolic dimension variables and arithmetic to verify shape consistency in deep learning models without runtime execution. Beyond core type checking, Pyrefly supports gradual adoption workflows: it can generate a baseline of known errors so only new issues are reported, migrate configuration from other type checkers, and automatically suppress exi

wasm-bindgen is a glue code generator and interoperability tool that facilitates high-level communication and data exchange between compiled Rust modules and JavaScript environments. It functions as a memory bridge and type definition generator, allowing the exchange of complex data types and the calling of functions across execution boundaries. The project distinguishes itself by automating the conversion of data types and function signatures using attribute-based bindings. It generates the necessary JavaScript and WebAssembly wrappers to manage linear memory mapping and creates automatic Ty