Open-source alternatives to Pwntools

ROPgadget is a binary analysis tool and multi-architecture disassembler designed to locate instructional sequences used for return-oriented programming. It functions as an exploit development framework that identifies gadgets within binaries to facilitate the creation of memory corruption exploits. The tool supports cross-architecture binary auditing, processing machine code from x86, ARM, MIPS, and RISC-V. It provides a unified interface for analyzing diverse executable file formats, including ELF, PE, and Mach-O. Its capabilities cover binary vulnerability analysis and exploit payload deve

Capstone is a multi-architecture disassembly framework and binary translation system. It converts binary machine code into human-readable assembly instructions for a wide variety of hardware instruction set architectures and virtual machines. The framework supports a diverse range of targets, including x86, ARM, RISC-V, and MIPS, as well as virtual machine environments like WebAssembly and the Ethereum Virtual Machine. It functions as an instruction analysis tool capable of extracting granular decomposition data and semantic information from disassembled code. The engine is designed for low-

The framework is a comprehensive penetration testing platform designed for the development, testing, and execution of security exploits. It serves as a research toolkit and automated assessment environment, enabling security professionals to identify and validate vulnerabilities within networked systems and infrastructure through repeatable, standardized procedures. The platform distinguishes itself through a modular architecture that supports reflective payload injection, allowing for the execution of code directly in memory without writing to disk. It utilizes an asynchronous event loop to

Sn1per is a vulnerability management platform and penetration testing orchestrator designed to automate reconnaissance, vulnerability scanning, and exploit verification. It functions as a dockerized security toolkit that coordinates multiple tools into a unified automated pipeline to identify security flaws across network and web assets. The platform features an attack surface manager for discovering internet-facing assets through OSINT, DNS enumeration, and certificate transparency. It distinguishes itself with an AI-powered security analyzer that uses large language models to summarize scan

Routersploit is a penetration testing framework designed for the security assessment of embedded network devices and routers. It functions as a comprehensive tool for auditing hardware configurations and testing network protocols to identify and verify security vulnerabilities. The framework utilizes a modular plugin architecture that allows for the dynamic loading of exploit and scanner modules. It provides a centralized command interface that manages target state and executes controlled payloads, enabling the automation of security testing across diverse network hardware. The platform cove

dnSpy is a desktop application designed for the analysis, debugging, and modification of compiled .NET assemblies. It functions as an assembly analysis suite and decompiler, translating binary instruction streams back into readable source code to facilitate reverse engineering when original source files are unavailable. The tool distinguishes itself through an integrated binary patching engine and metadata editor, which allow for the direct modification of executable logic and internal metadata tables. It supports in-process debugging instrumentation, enabling users to inject runtime hooks, s

This project is a comprehensive directory of software utilities, frameworks, and educational resources designed for cybersecurity competitions and offensive security research. It serves as a centralized index for tools used in cryptography, forensics, reverse engineering, and web exploitation, while providing structured materials for training and skill development. The repository distinguishes itself through a community-driven maintenance model that aggregates and organizes technical resources into a searchable, hierarchical structure. It facilitates knowledge transfer by cataloging expert pr

TheFatRat is a security exploitation framework designed to automate the creation, obfuscation, and deployment of payloads for penetration testing. It functions as a comprehensive toolkit that streamlines the exploitation lifecycle, enabling users to generate malicious executables, manage network listeners, and execute post-exploitation tasks through a unified command-line interface. The framework distinguishes itself by integrating various third-party exploitation utilities into a single, orchestrated workflow. It provides specialized capabilities for embedding code into legitimate binaries a

Cutter is a binary analysis platform and graphical user interface for the Rizin reverse engineering framework. It provides an environment for analyzing the internal logic and data structures of compiled binaries through integrated disassembly and visualization. The platform supports a containerized deployment model to provide isolated environments for binary analysis, which is used to examine suspicious binaries without risking the host system. It is an extensible security tool that allows for the addition of custom analysis capabilities and visualizers via native plugins and scripts. The to

BeEF is a modular security testing environment designed for browser exploitation and web application auditing. It functions as a platform for security professionals to evaluate client-side defenses by injecting persistent scripts into web browsers, establishing a bidirectional communication channel for remote command execution and data exfiltration. The framework distinguishes itself through its ability to use compromised browser sessions as proxies to conduct internal network reconnaissance, effectively bypassing perimeter security controls. It utilizes an event-driven control interface and

Android Classyshark is a binary analysis toolset designed to extract structural data from Android executable files. It functions as a bytecode viewer and binary XML parser to analyze compiled Java and Android binaries. The project converts binary XML files into readable formats for the inspection of application manifests, layouts, and resource files. It also provides the ability to analyze class interfaces, members, and dependency counts without requiring access to the original source code. The toolset supports static analysis and the export of binary information into plain text formats for

Binaryen is a WebAssembly compiler toolchain and optimizer designed to transform, validate, and shrink binary modules. It provides a comprehensive intermediate representation framework that converts binary code into a single-assignment form to enable advanced program analysis and code transformation. The project includes a specialized transformation engine that applies iterative optimization passes to increase execution speed and reduce binary size. Additionally, it functions as a transpiler that translates WebAssembly binary modules into executable JavaScript for environments that lack nativ

Miasm is a Python reverse engineering framework designed for binary analysis, disassembly, and modification. It functions as a binary analysis framework that lifts machine code into an intermediate representation to enable platform-independent security research. The system operates as a binary emulation engine and modification toolkit, allowing for the execution of binary code in a virtual environment to track state changes without native hardware. It provides tools for binary patching to update and modify raw binary files across multiple CPU architectures and executable formats. The framewo

PentestGPT is an autonomous security testing framework that leverages large language models to plan, execute, and coordinate end-to-end penetration testing engagements. By functioning as an autonomous agent, the system automates the entire testing lifecycle, from initial reconnaissance and vulnerability analysis to the generation of custom exploits and the execution of post-exploitation tasks. The platform distinguishes itself through a multi-agent orchestration system that coordinates specialized AI agents to collaborate on complex, multi-stage attack chains. It integrates multimodal context

Capstone is a multi-architecture disassembly framework and binary analysis engine. It translates raw machine code from various CPU architectures, such as x86, ARM, and RISC-V, into human-readable assembly instructions. The engine distinguishes itself by providing instruction semantic decomposition, which lists implicit registers read and written, and the ability to customize instruction mnemonics to meet specific technical analysis standards. It also features resilient stream disassembly, allowing the process to resynchronize and continue after encountering invalid instructions or embedded da

This project is a comprehensive, community-curated directory of cybersecurity resources, tools, and educational materials. It functions as a centralized index for researchers and students to discover frameworks and utilities across the entire security lifecycle, ranging from initial vulnerability assessment to post-exploitation analysis. The repository distinguishes itself through a hierarchical taxonomy that organizes diverse security disciplines into a searchable, version-controlled knowledge base. Rather than hosting software directly, it utilizes a decentralized aggregation model that lin

Binsider is a collection of specialized toolsets for hexadecimal editing, ELF structural analysis, system call tracing, and execution performance profiling. It provides a suite of utilities designed for binary reverse engineering, encompassing both static structural analysis and dynamic runtime monitoring of compiled binaries. The project distinguishes itself by combining low-level binary manipulation, such as a hex editor for raw byte modification, with an ELF binary analysis tool for inspecting file structures and metadata. It also includes a Linux system call tracer for observing dynamic b

py-spy is a sampling profiler and process debugger for Python. It allows for the analysis of running processes to identify performance bottlenecks and diagnose hanging programs without requiring code changes or restarts. The tool operates by reading the memory of a running process from the outside, which enables non-invasive sampling and state collection without pausing execution. It can resolve binary symbols to capture performance data from native extensions written in compiled languages and generate visual flame graphs for both native extensions and subprocesses. The project provides capa

Detect-It-Easy is a binary file identifier and analysis toolkit designed to determine file formats, compilers, and packers. It functions as a binary file identifier that utilizes signature matching and heuristic analysis to identify executable and archive formats. The project includes a custom file signature engine and a scriptable rule system for defining and applying detection logic to identify specific binary patterns. It features specialized detectors for Android packages, such as APK and DEX files, and a malware packer detector to identify protections, obfuscators, and virus families. T

This project serves as a comprehensive cybersecurity training platform and resource repository focused on web application security. It functions as a centralized hub for security practitioners, providing both a curated collection of technical documentation and research, and a system for deploying isolated, containerized environments to practice security analysis and exploitation techniques. The platform distinguishes itself by integrating automated data aggregation with hands-on, container-based orchestration. It maintains a current knowledge base of industry research and digital threats whil

Radare2 is a comprehensive framework for reverse engineering and analyzing compiled software. It provides a command-line environment designed for disassembling, debugging, and patching binary executables across a wide range of processor architectures and operating systems. The system distinguishes itself through a modular, plugin-based architecture that supports cross-platform analysis and automated workflows. It utilizes memory-mapped file access to enable efficient structural inspection and modification of binaries without requiring full file loads. By lifting machine instructions into a un

Empire is a post-exploitation command-and-control (C2) framework designed for red team operations. It deploys and manages agents written in PowerShell, Python, C#, Go, and C across Windows, Linux, and macOS, using encrypted communication channels over HTTP, HTTPS, and SMB. The framework executes over 400 built-in modules for reconnaissance, privilege escalation, credential theft, and lateral movement, and provides a modular engine for authoring custom attack modules. What sets Empire apart is its multi-language agent deployment system, which allows operators to choose implants that suit each

XSStrike is a security tool designed to detect cross-site scripting vulnerabilities through parameter fuzzing and web response analysis. It functions as a web application fuzzer and vulnerability scanner that identifies injection points and security flaws. The project includes a specialized utility for detecting blind XSS, where payloads execute asynchronously or on separate pages. It also features a JavaScript library auditor to identify outdated libraries with known vulnerabilities and a dedicated tool for identifying and bypassing web application firewalls using various evasion techniques.

LIEF is a framework for parsing, modifying, and analyzing executable binary formats and system shared caches across multiple platforms. It serves as a cross-platform library for the programmatic manipulation of ELF, PE, and MachO binary files. The project provides tools for altering the internal structure and sections of executable files to change program behavior. It also includes a dedicated parser for recovering individual dynamic libraries from combined system shared caches. The toolset covers binary executable analysis, machine code disassembly, and the extraction of debug metadata and

This project is a curated directory of command line applications and utilities designed to enhance developer productivity and streamline technical workflows. It serves as a comprehensive index of open-source software, categorizing tools that assist with system administration, development automation, and personal task management. The repository distinguishes itself by providing a structured collection of terminal-based software that spans diverse functional domains. It includes resources for managing infrastructure and cloud resources, performing code maintenance, and customizing terminal envi

Subfinder is a security reconnaissance framework designed for subdomain enumeration and attack surface management. It functions as a discovery engine that identifies and maps internet-exposed infrastructure, cloud-hosted assets, and network ranges to maintain a comprehensive inventory of an organization's digital footprint. The project distinguishes itself through a modular, template-driven scanning engine that executes security checks against discovered assets. It leverages cloud-native asset discovery to query provider APIs and infrastructure metadata, while supporting distributed agent orc

Sliver is a command and control framework designed for adversary emulation and security assessment operations. It provides a centralized platform for managing remote systems, enabling security professionals to coordinate multi-operator sessions and maintain persistent, secure communication channels across diverse network environments. The framework distinguishes itself through its focus on stealth and infrastructure flexibility. It utilizes dynamic payload obfuscation to generate unique binaries and supports in-memory execution to minimize disk artifacts. Communication is secured through mutu