Self-Hosted Edge Caching CDNs

Mail-in-a-Box is a self-hosted email server appliance that automates the deployment of SMTP, IMAP, and POP3 services on Linux. It functions as a complete suite including a DNS management server, a spam and abuse filter, and a web-based administrative control panel for managing users, aliases, and storage quotas. The project distinguishes itself through a high degree of automation for email security and authenticity. It automatically provisions and maintains SPF, DKIM, DMARC, and DNSSEC records to prevent domain spoofing, while managing the installation and rotation of TLS certificates and enforcing secure transport policies like DANE and MTA-STS. The system includes integrated tools for server health monitoring, network-level brute-force mitigation, and policy-driven spam filtering using greylisting and IP blacklists. It also provides data management capabilities such as system backups to S3-compatible object storage and the ability to serve static website content over HTTPS.

Nginx is a high-performance HTTP server and reverse proxy designed to handle high-concurrency traffic through an efficient, event-driven architecture. It functions as a versatile traffic management gateway and content delivery accelerator, providing the infrastructure necessary to route client requests, balance loads across backend servers, and serve static assets with minimal resource consumption. The project distinguishes itself through a master-worker process model that separates configuration management from request processing, ensuring stable operations under heavy load. Its modular request pipeline and hierarchical configuration system allow for granular control over network behaviors, while shared memory zones enable efficient state synchronization across worker processes. These capabilities are complemented by advanced traffic shaping, including multi-stage rate limiting and burst request buffering, which protect backend services from traffic spikes. Beyond its core routing and serving functions, the software includes comprehensive tools for content caching, TLS termination, and dynamic application integration. It supports complex page composition through subrequest fetching and maintains high availability via active health monitoring of backend nodes. The system is extensible through a modular framework that allows for custom logic integration at both build and runtime. The software provides native support for Windows and Unix-like environments, offering command-line tools for operational management and diagnostic logging. Configuration is managed through a flexible, nested directive system that supports modular inheritance for complex application environments.

This project is a collection of structured study notes and conceptual breakdowns designed for the AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner exam. It serves as a technical reference and study guide, organizing cloud service details and architectural principles to assist in certification preparation. The knowledge base is built using markdown files and includes curated cheat sheets and interactive mind-map visualizations. These tools map complex certification topics into visual hierarchies to enable drill-down study paths and rapid revision. The materials cover a wide range of cloud capabilities, including core infrastructure, security governance, and the shared responsibility model. It provides detailed references for compute, storage, networking, and database services, as well as guidance on cloud economics and cost management. The repository utilizes Git-based versioning to track updates to the study materials.

Vite is a frontend build toolchain that provides a unified development and production pipeline for modern web applications. It functions as a modular, environment-agnostic build engine that leverages native ES modules to serve source code directly to the browser, eliminating the need for expensive bundling during the development phase. By maintaining an environment-aware module graph, it supports concurrent development across client, server, and custom runtime environments. The project distinguishes itself through a high-performance development server that utilizes a hot module replacement protocol to propagate granular code updates via WebSockets, allowing for stateful application patches without full page reloads. Its architecture is built on a plugin-based transformation pipeline that ensures consistent code processing across both development and production builds. Additionally, it features advanced dependency pre-bundling, which converts CommonJS and UMD dependencies into optimized ESM chunks to improve loading efficiency and startup performance. Vite covers a broad capability surface, including comprehensive support for server-side rendering, multi-page application architectures, and static asset management. It provides extensive programmatic APIs for controlling code transformation, server lifecycles, and environment variable management. The toolchain also includes built-in optimizations for production, such as automatic code splitting, preload directive generation, and high-speed TypeScript transpilation. The project is configured through a standard file-based system, allowing developers to extend functionality via custom plugins and hooks that integrate directly into the build and runtime logic.

Laf is a serverless backend platform that provides an integrated environment for cloud functions, a document database, and file storage. It serves as a complete infrastructure for developing and deploying backend logic, data persistence, and real-time communication without the need for manual server management. The platform features a browser-based IDE that allows developers to write, test, and deploy serverless functions directly within a web editor, removing the requirement for local environment setup. It also includes a WebSocket communication platform for maintaining persistent bidirectional data streams between clients and servers. The system covers full-stack hosting capabilities, including static website hosting and a sandboxed runtime for stateless backend execution. It provides a serverless document database for data management and integrated function execution logging for monitoring and debugging.

SWR is a data fetching library that provides a collection of hooks for managing remote data synchronization, caching, and state updates in web applications. It employs a declarative approach to handle complex network request lifecycles and dependency chains, ensuring that client-side application state remains consistent with server data through automatic revalidation and background updates. The library distinguishes itself through a reactive cache layer that automatically synchronizes local state with remote sources based on component lifecycle events. It features event-driven revalidation, which triggers background refreshes in response to browser-level changes like window focus or network reconnection. To enhance user experience, it supports optimistic cache mutation, allowing the interface to update immediately while performing background network requests, with built-in rollback capabilities if a mutation fails. Beyond core fetching, the library offers a comprehensive suite of tools for managing paginated data streams, real-time subscriptions, and request retry logic. It includes robust support for server-side integration, enabling data pre-rendering and hydration to ensure fast initial page loads. The architecture is highly extensible, allowing developers to intercept and modify the request lifecycle through middleware composition and custom cache providers. The library is built with TypeScript, providing full type safety for hooks, configuration objects, and middleware definitions. It is designed to be installed as a dependency in modern web projects, offering a centralized configuration context that propagates settings and cache instances throughout the component tree.

This project is a Docker-based web gateway and Nginx reverse proxy manager. It functions as a containerized network edge designed to route incoming HTTP and HTTPS traffic to backend services using subdomains and subfolders. The system automates the procurement and renewal of Let's Encrypt SSL certificates via the ACME protocol and various DNS plugins. It includes a mechanism to export and share these certificates through persistent volumes so other containers can utilize the same encryption keys. Security is handled through a combination of server intrusion prevention, using Fail2Ban to monitor logs and ban malicious IP addresses, and layered authentication middleware. Access to resources can be restricted using local password files, LDAP, or external identity providers, while HTTP traffic is automatically redirected to HTTPS. The deployment is managed via container orchestration, supporting read-only filesystem modes and template-based proxy routing for internal network addresses.

Nginx Proxy Manager is a containerized gateway controller that provides a graphical interface for managing web server routing, security certificates, and access control lists. It functions as a centralized dashboard for directing incoming web traffic to internal services, allowing users to map domain names to specific network ports without manual configuration file edits. The project distinguishes itself by automating the lifecycle of SSL certificates through integrated certificate authority clients and ACME challenges. It utilizes a dynamic routing engine based on high-performance web server platforms to modify traffic rules in real time, while an event-driven system monitors database changes to trigger configuration reloads without interrupting active connections. Beyond core routing, the platform supports network access control by implementing authentication layers and IP filtering directly at the gateway level. It maintains persistent state for proxy host definitions and security metadata using a lightweight relational database, ensuring consistent management of infrastructure across isolated backend containers.

AI-on-the-edge-device is an edge AI meter digitizer and computer vision image processor designed to convert images of analog and digital utility meters into numeric values. It functions as an IoT gateway that runs neural network inference locally on hardware to monitor water, power, and gas readings. The system is distinguished by its ability to handle both analog pointers and digital digits through custom-trained neural networks. It includes specialized tools for image alignment, region-of-interest extraction, and hardware-level lighting control to minimize glare on glass surfaces. To maintain performance on edge hardware, the project employs integer-quantized models. The project covers a broad operational surface, including data processing for reading validation and rollover correction, and a variety of integration methods such as MQTT, REST APIs, and webhooks. It also features comprehensive device management capabilities, including GPIO control, a web-based administration dashboard, and Prometheus metrics exportation for hardware telemetry. The system supports over-the-air firmware updates and provides a wireless access point for initial network and system configuration.

Remix is a full-stack web framework designed to manage data loading, mutations, and routing through standard web platform APIs. It functions as a server-side rendering framework that unifies server-side data processing and client-side interactivity within a single development model, ensuring applications remain consistent across diverse environments. The framework distinguishes itself by utilizing native web platform APIs for all request and response handling, including a declarative data mutation layer that synchronizes server-side database updates with client-side UI transitions via standard HTML form submissions. It employs a nested route-based architecture to organize application views into hierarchical layouts and uses an edge-native runtime adapter to ensure applications run consistently across Node.js, Deno, Bun, and various cloud edge providers without platform-specific dependencies. Beyond its core routing and mutation capabilities, the framework supports progressive enhancement, ensuring that applications remain functional even before client-side scripts load. It provides a modular set of tools for managing web infrastructure, including authentication, data validation, and middleware-based request processing, while optimizing asset delivery through build-time route manifest generation.

Weekly is an automated workflow orchestrator and content curation platform designed to manage the lifecycle of technical information. It functions as a static site generator and newsletter publication system, enabling users to aggregate, organize, and distribute curated resources through structured markdown files and automated deployment pipelines. The platform distinguishes itself through its modular pipeline processing, which connects discrete tasks such as web data extraction, generative AI workflows, and optical character recognition. By integrating browser-based scraping with database-backed content management, it allows for the automated collection and synchronization of information across multiple platforms and syndication feeds. Beyond its core curation capabilities, the system supports a broad range of utility functions including document processing, metadata analysis, and interactive data visualization. It provides tools for managing digital libraries, enforcing code standards, and orchestrating event-driven notifications via webhooks, ensuring that content remains searchable, current, and accessible.

This project is a command-line utility designed to benchmark and optimize network connectivity by identifying the fastest available content delivery network nodes. It performs concurrent latency probing and speed testing across large pools of IP addresses to evaluate real-world performance based on your specific geographic location and network environment. Beyond simple benchmarking, the tool functions as an automated configuration manager that synchronizes your network settings with the best-performing endpoints discovered during testing. It integrates with external DNS management services to update domain records and can modify local system files or generate configuration files for domain resolution services to ensure traffic is consistently routed through optimized paths. The software also includes capabilities for local network acceleration by spawning a lightweight proxy server that prioritizes high-speed connections. Users can customize the evaluation criteria, such as latency thresholds or packet loss limits, through command-line arguments to tailor the performance analysis to their specific requirements.

Hammerspoon is a programmable automation engine for macOS that enables deep system-level control through a Lua scripting environment. By bridging high-level scripts with native Objective-C APIs, it allows users to interact with the operating system's accessibility tree, intercept hardware input streams, and manage the lifecycle of running applications. The project distinguishes itself through an event-driven architecture that registers asynchronous hooks for system notifications and hardware events. This allows for real-time automation, such as remapping keyboard and mouse inputs, managing window layouts via grid-based positioning, and responding to changes in network status, battery levels, or display configurations. Its modular extension system supports the loading of self-contained units of functionality, enabling users to tailor the environment to specific workflows. Beyond core automation, the platform provides a comprehensive suite of capabilities for network integration, media and hardware control, and data persistence. It includes tools for managing audio devices, interacting with professional control panels, rendering custom graphical overlays, and executing shell commands or system scripts. The environment also supports complex window management, including spatial navigation and tabbed grouping, alongside monitoring utilities for system hardware and diagnostic logging. The project provides a command-line interface for managing configurations and includes built-in documentation servers to assist with script development.

Caddy is an extensible, modular web server platform designed for high-performance traffic management and automated security. At its core, it functions as a dynamic HTTP gateway that handles request routing, static asset delivery, and reverse proxying through a chain of configurable handler modules. The system is built on a modular architecture that allows developers to extend server functionality by registering custom components, all managed through a unified lifecycle and provisioning framework. What distinguishes Caddy is its focus on automated infrastructure and zero-downtime operations. It provides native, automated HTTPS management by handling the entire lifecycle of TLS certificates, including issuance and renewal via public or private certificate authorities. The server state is managed through a JSON-driven configuration schema that supports atomic, background validation and swapping, enabling real-time updates to routing rules and server settings without interrupting active connections. The platform offers a comprehensive suite of tools for observability and control, including a dedicated administrative API for managing server state and inspecting metrics. It supports complex traffic filtering through flexible request matching, allowing for granular control over how incoming traffic is processed. Developers can define server behavior using a declarative configuration syntax, which the system validates and converts into its native JSON format for deployment.

gopl.io is a Go code sample repository and education resource consisting of a collection of runnable source code programs. It provides practical implementation patterns and idioms to demonstrate Go syntax, types, and core programming concepts. The project covers Go language learning through a curated set of examples, focusing on idiomatic programming and concurrency patterns such as the use of goroutines and channels. The repository is organized in a directory structure that mirrors a reference textbook, with source files transformed into formatted web pages for static hosting.

Squoosh is a browser-based image optimizer that compresses and converts image files directly within the local environment. By performing all operations on the user device, it eliminates the need for server-side processing, ensuring that sensitive data remains private and reducing network latency. The tool utilizes a collection of high-performance image codecs compiled via WebAssembly to provide professional-grade file optimization and format conversion. To maintain interface responsiveness during resource-intensive tasks, the application offloads image manipulation to background threads and utilizes offscreen rendering for preview generation. A modular architecture ensures that compression libraries are loaded dynamically, keeping the application bundle efficient. The project supports a range of image optimization workflows, allowing users to reduce file sizes while maintaining visual quality. It manages memory for large files through temporary local references, enabling integration into asset pipelines without requiring external command-line tools or backend infrastructure.

This project is a front-end development study guide and technical roadmap designed to introduce the tools, libraries, and patterns used in modern web application development. It serves as an educational resource covering single page application architecture, the integration of modern web tech stacks, and the design of components using static typing. The guide focuses on the orchestration of front-end CI/CD pipelines, providing a walkthrough for automating the linting, testing, bundling, and deployment of static assets to cloud hosting. It specifically addresses the implementation of reusable user interface components with encapsulated styles. The material covers a broad range of capabilities including build automation, unidirectional state management, and web application quality assurance. It details the use of static analysis, snapshot testing, and deterministic package management to maintain software stability.

Parcel is a web application bundler designed to automate the packaging of project assets for production. It functions as a zero-configuration tool that detects dependencies and transforms source files into optimized output without requiring manual setup files. The project includes a built-in development server that supports incremental builds and hot module replacement to reflect code changes during the development cycle. The core of the system is a dependency graph resolver that maps relationships between modules to determine the structure of output bundles. This is supported by a modular asset transformation pipeline that uses a plugin-driven architecture to intercept, modify, and optimize files. By utilizing worker threads for parallel processing and tracking file relationships in a persistent cache, the bundler maximizes throughput and ensures that only affected assets are recompiled during incremental builds. Beyond its core bundling capabilities, the tool provides features for frontend asset optimization, including code minification, image compression, and tree-shaking to remove unused modules. It also handles content-hash-based versioning for cache management and supports custom pipeline orchestration for unique file types or specific deployment requirements. The software is distributed as a package that can be installed via standard command-line interfaces.

Leptos is a full-stack Rust web framework designed for building reactive applications that share logic and types between the server and the browser. It provides a comprehensive toolkit for developing web interfaces where specific DOM nodes update automatically in response to changes in underlying reactive signals, rather than re-rendering entire component trees. The framework distinguishes itself through a fine-grained reactivity model that tracks dependencies at the individual data point level. It utilizes compile-time template transformation to convert declarative HTML-like syntax into optimized imperative instructions, and supports isomorphic server-side rendering with streaming HTML delivery. By employing component-based hydration islands, it minimizes the amount of JavaScript sent to the client, attaching interactivity only where necessary. Beyond its core rendering model, the project covers a broad surface of full-stack capabilities, including type-safe remote procedure calls that allow client-side code to invoke server-side functions directly. It integrates asynchronous data management, nested routing, and state synchronization between the server and client, while providing tools for managing component lifecycles and memory through a reactive ownership tree. The framework includes a CLI for bootstrapping projects, orchestrating full-stack builds, and automating development cycles with live recompilation. It is documented to support various deployment strategies, including static hosting, containerized server-side applications, and serverless environments.

Echo is a high-performance, lightweight web framework for Go designed for building scalable RESTful APIs and web services. It provides a centralized environment for mapping network requests to handler functions, utilizing a fast radix-tree routing engine to ensure efficient request dispatching. The framework is built around a modular, middleware-centric pipeline that allows developers to execute reusable logic for cross-cutting concerns like authentication, logging, and security across the entire application. What distinguishes Echo is its focus on developer productivity through structured data binding and a unified response interface. It automatically maps incoming request payloads into typed objects while validating content against defined schemas, significantly reducing manual parsing boilerplate. The framework also includes built-in support for real-time communication via WebSockets and server-sent events, alongside advanced traffic management capabilities such as rate limiting, load balancing, and reverse proxying. The framework covers a broad surface of operational and security requirements, including automated TLS certificate management, CSRF protection, and CORS policy enforcement. It provides comprehensive utilities for request and response management, including support for streaming large data, template rendering, and graceful server shutdowns to ensure reliable service termination. Observability is integrated through distributed tracing, performance metrics export, and detailed request logging.