haproxy/haproxy

Features

• Load Balancers - Distributes incoming TCP and HTTP traffic across multiple backend servers using configurable algorithms for high availability.
• ACL-Based Routing Trees - Implements an ACL-based decision tree that evaluates conditions to route, block, or redirect traffic.
• Configuration Hot-Reloading - Modifies load balancer configuration in memory at runtime without requiring a service restart.
• Declarative Configuration Files - Uses a declarative configuration file parsed at startup to define all load-balancing rules and behavior.
• Kubernetes Traffic Controllers - Directs HTTP and TCP traffic to Kubernetes services using Gateway API and Ingress API rules.
• SSL Termination Proxies - Decrypts incoming HTTPS traffic at the proxy, offloading encryption work from backend servers.
• Runtime Configurations - Modifies load balancer settings, server states, and routing rules on-the-fly through a REST API, CLI socket, or in-memory updates.
• Advanced Traffic Routing - Inspects, rewrites, and redirects HTTP headers, URIs, payloads, and protocol versions based on configurable rules.
• Dual-Mode Proxy Architectures - Operates in both TCP and HTTP modes, adding protocol parsing and rule evaluation in HTTP mode.
• HTTP Proxies - An open-source proxy that distributes TCP and HTTP traffic across multiple backend servers for high availability.
• Runtime Configuration Managers - Modifies load balancer in-memory configuration on the fly, eliminating the need for a full reload.
• TLS Termination - Decrypts incoming HTTPS traffic at the proxy so backend servers receive plain HTTP.
• Socket-Based Configuration - Modifies load balancer behavior on-the-fly through a UNIX or TCP socket without restarting the service.
• Runtime Control Sockets - Exposes a runtime socket that accepts text commands to modify server states and routing without restarting.
• Runtime Socket Configuration Managers - Modifies load balancer behavior on-the-fly through a UNIX or TCP socket without restarting the service.
• Access Control Lists - Defines named conditions based on extracted data to allow, deny, or redirect traffic at various processing stages.
• SSL/TLS Certificate Management - Decrypts incoming HTTPS traffic at the proxy and automates TLS certificate lifecycle management via the ACME protocol.
• Event-Driven I/O - Uses an event-driven, single-threaded reactor with non-blocking I/O to handle tens of thousands of connections.
• Server Health Monitoring - Periodically checks backend servers via TCP, HTTP, or custom scripts and automatically removes unhealthy ones.
• HTTP Request Handling - Inspects HTTP method, URI, and headers to decide which backend server handles each request.
• HTTP Header Manipulators - Reads, adds, removes, or rewrites any HTTP header in requests and responses based on rules.
• Monitoring and Health - Tracks server health through custom checks, logs structured events, and exposes real-time metrics.
• Lua Scripting - Embeds and executes Lua code within the proxy to implement custom request handling and routing.
• Connection Limit Managers - Restricts concurrent connections per backend server to prevent overload.
• Proxy Phase Timeouts - Defines separate timeouts for each proxy phase to control idle connection closure.
• Kernel-Level Data Splicing - Transfers data between client and server connections directly at the kernel level to reduce memory usage and latency.
• Request Path Rewriters - Modifies URIs, paths, query strings, and response bodies on the fly using pattern-based rules.
• REST APIs - Exposes a REST API for managing load balancer settings programmatically.
• Ingress Controllers - Routes HTTP and TCP traffic to Kubernetes services using standard Gateway API and Ingress API rules.
• Load Balancing Algorithms - Selects backend servers using algorithms like round-robin, least connections, or hash-based methods.
• Bandwidth Management - Sets a global cap on the total incoming or outgoing bandwidth that a frontend can consume.
• Custom Load Balancers - Adds new functionality to the load balancer by writing and executing Lua scripts within its runtime.
• Hostname Resolvers - Periodically queries DNS servers to update backend server IP addresses without requiring a configuration reload.
• Protocol Translation Proxies - Translates between HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2 so clients and servers using different versions can communicate.
• Host Header Rewriting - Changes the Host header value to match the expected backend application domain.
• REST API Configuration Managers - Manages load balancer configuration and routing rules programmatically through a RESTful HTTP API.
• REST API Configurations - Provides a REST API for programmatic load balancer configuration without manual file editing.
• Runtime Weight Adjustments - Adjusts load-balancing weights of backend servers at runtime via agent check or CLI.
• HTTP Keep-Alive Connections - Reuses TCP connections for multiple HTTP request-response pairs to reduce latency and server load.
• PROXY Protocol Forwarders - Preserves original client IP and connection metadata when forwarding traffic to backend servers.
• Stick Table Peering - Synchronizes stick-table data between multiple HAProxy instances to maintain session state during failover.
• TCP Stream Interception - Inspects and rewrites raw TCP stream data at the content level using connection, session, or content rules.
• Geolocation Routing - Routes traffic to region-specific backends based on client source IP geolocation.
• Embedded Scripting Extensions - Embeds a Lua interpreter for custom request handling, routing logic, and content generation within the proxy.
• Embedded Scripting Runtimes - Extends proxy functionality by embedding and executing Lua scripts for custom request handling and routing.
• TLS Certificate Management - Uses the ACME protocol to obtain and renew TLS certificates from a certificate authority automatically.
• Client Session Persistence - Persists client requests to the same backend server using cookies, table entries, or session identifiers.
• Kernel-Level Data Splicing - Transfers data between sockets at the kernel level using splice() to minimize memory usage and latency.
• Custom Log Formatting - Constructs log lines from static text and dynamic sample fetches for precise analysis.
• Custom Scripting Engines - Runs Lua scripts within the load balancer to add custom logic and behavior.
• Event Logging - Outputs detailed, customizable log lines for each connection or HTTP transaction.
• Rate Limiting - Limits the number of requests a client can make in a given time window to protect backends.
• Stick Table Engines - Maintains session state and counters in a lock-free shared memory region synchronized across peer instances.
• Session Draining - Marks a server as draining so it stops receiving new connections but finishes serving existing ones.
• Server Management - Enables or disables individual backend servers in real time for maintenance or outage management.
• Interactive CLI Sessions - Runs persistent command-line sessions over a UNIX socket to execute multiple runtime commands sequentially.
• Account Statistics Monitoring - Tracks real-time metrics and forwards logs to a Syslog server for observability.
• Request Correlation - Adds a unique request identifier header to correlate logs and backend traces.
• Request Tracing - Logs detailed step-by-step request processing through filters and rules for debugging.
• Custom Health Check Sequences - Sends a sequence of TCP or HTTP commands and evaluates responses to determine backend server health.
• TCP/UDP Log Ingestion - Sends structured log messages to remote collectors over TCP or UDP transport.
• Client Device Detection - Identifies client device model, operating system, and browser using 51Degrees or WURFL data files.
• HTTP Redirects - Responds to plain HTTP requests with a redirect to the equivalent HTTPS URL to enforce encrypted communication.
• Response Compression - Compresses response bodies with gzip or other algorithms to reduce bandwidth usage.
• API Gateways - High-performance TCP/HTTP load balancer.
• Load Balancing and Ingress - High-availability load balancing and proxying for TCP/HTTP.

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