rack/rack
Rack
Rack 是一个标准化 Ruby Web 服务器与框架之间通信的最小接口。它提供了一个 Web 应用接口和一个 Web 服务器接口，通过使用通用的环境哈希和标准化的响应元组，使 Ruby 应用能够在不同的服务器实现上运行。
该项目实现了模块化的 HTTP 中间件流水线，允许通过一系列可调用对象拦截和修改请求与响应。它支持底层连接管理，包括用于自定义协议处理的 TCP 连接劫持、协议升级信号以及双向数据流。
其功能范围扩展到请求和响应处理，包括二进制请求流读取和增量响应流式传输。它提供了用于会话管理、应用路径路由以及从本地文件系统交付静态文件的工具。为了质量保证，它还包括用于模拟 HTTP 流量和服务器环境的实用程序。
该项目包含一个用于启动兼容 Web 服务器以托管应用的命令行工具。
Features
- Web Environment Interfaces - Provides a standardized environment hash to decouple web servers from application logic.
- Web Server Interfaces - Provides a standardized interface that decouples Ruby web servers from the frameworks they host.
- Binary Request Stream Interfaces - Enables access to raw HTTP request bodies via binary-mode input streams with buffered reads.
- Response Tuple Specifications - Standardizes the server response as a simple array containing a status code, response headers, and a body.
- HTTP Request and Response Handlers - Provides comprehensive tools for processing raw request streams and managing HTTP response delivery.
- Request Interception Middleware - Implements a modular middleware pipeline to intercept and modify requests and responses.
- HTTP Middleware Pipelines - Implements a modular pipeline of callable objects to intercept and modify HTTP requests and responses.
- Ruby Web Server Interfaces - Standardizes how Ruby web servers and frameworks communicate via a common environment hash and response tuple.
- Web Application Interfaces - Provides a specification that enables Ruby applications to run across different server implementations without modification.
- Session Data Stores - Provides a standardized hash-like interface for storing and retrieving persistent user data across requests.
- Response Body Streaming - Implements incremental response body delivery using a callable object that responds to each.
- Response Body Callbacks - Handles two-way server-client communication by passing a callback as the response body.
- Connection Hijacking - Allows taking direct control of raw TCP connections to bypass standard request-response cycles.
- TCP Connection Hijacking - Allows direct control of raw TCP connections to bypass standard request-response cycles.
- Application Instance Routing - Maps specific URL paths to different application instances within a single process.
- Application Environment Mocking - Includes utilities to simulate the server environment and response tuples for application testing.
- API Request Mocking - Simulates requests and responses in a testing environment to verify application behavior.
- HTTP Traffic Simulation - Includes utilities to simulate HTTP requests and responses for testing application behavior.
- Incremental Response Streaming - Provides the ability to stream HTTP response bodies incrementally to the client.
- Multipart Form Parsing - Parses multipart/form-data requests to extract uploaded files and form fields.
- Protocol Upgrades - Enables signaling the web server to upgrade the protocol via environment headers.
- Filesystem Static File Servings - Delivers static files and directory indexes from the local filesystem to the client.
- Static File Servers - Includes a built-in implementation for serving static files and directory indexes from the filesystem.
