pypa/virtualenv
Virtualenv
virtualenv 是一个用于创建和管理隔离 Python 环境的工具。它作为一个环境管理器，提供了一个解析器来发现合适的 Python 二进制文件，以及一个用于建立具有各自二进制文件和包的独立目录的系统，以防止依赖冲突。
该项目的特色在于一个专门的解释器解析器，处理版本管理器垫片（shims）和架构要求。它利用只读镜像缓存和应用程序数据缓存来加速新环境的创建，并包括一个种子工具来控制初始功能实用程序所需的基准包的安装。
该工具涵盖了广泛的环境管理能力，包括通过符号链接实现的二进制隔离、基于路径的依赖解析以及生成 Shell 脚本激活工具以配置终端会话。它还提供用于版本控制集成的实用程序，以排除环境目录被仓库追踪。
Features
- Python Package Managers - Creates isolated Python environments to prevent version conflicts between different project dependencies.
- Environment Activation Scripts - Generates platform-specific shell scripts to redirect terminal sessions to the isolated binary path.
- Isolated Environment Managers - Provides a comprehensive system for creating and managing isolated execution spaces to prevent dependency conflicts.
- Python - Installs base tools and libraries into standalone directories without affecting the global system installation.
- Python Development Tools - Sets up isolated workspaces with specific interpreter versions to ensure consistent execution across machines.
- Python Environment Managers - Locates and configures specific Python binaries to tailor the runtime environment to a project's needs.
- Runtime Search Path Manipulation - Implements path-based dependency resolution to ensure local environment packages take precedence over system-wide installations.
- Interpreter Resolvers - Implements a specialized resolver to discover Python binaries by handling shims and architecture requirements.
- Interpreter Discovery - Provides a mechanism to locate valid Python binaries by resolving version manager shims and architecture requirements.
- Base Tool Seeding - Includes a seed tool to ensure new environments are immediately functional with baseline management packages.
- Baseline Package Seeding - Ensures new environments have necessary base tools through a controlled installation of seed packages.
- Seed Package Management - Provides a system for controlling the installation and versioning of base packages required for new environments.
- Package Activation Symlinks - Uses symlinks to create standalone directories containing the Python interpreter for namespace isolation.
- Interpreter Image Caches - Implements read-only image caching of interpreter data to significantly reduce the latency of creating new isolated environments.
- Interpreter Image Caching - Utilizes read-only image caching to significantly accelerate the setup of new isolated Python environments.
- Environment and Package Management - Creates isolated Python environments for projects.
- Virtual Environments - Creates isolated Python environments for project dependencies.
