JRuby 是一个运行在 Java 虚拟机（JVM）上的 Ruby 语言实现。它充当跨语言运行时和执行环境，允许 Ruby 代码在 JVM 上运行并与 Java 应用共享内存。
The main features of jruby/jruby are: JVM-Based Runtime Executions, Cross-Language Library Integration, Java Library Integrations, Ruby Interpreters, Java Interoperability, Java Virtual Machine Bridges, Language Embedding, Ruby Implementations.
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Groovy is a JVM programming language and metaprogramming framework that provides a Java compatible environment for building applications. It functions as a dynamic scripting language and a tool for authoring domain-specific languages, allowing for the execution of custom scripts and the creation of specialized mini-languages with concise syntax. The project is distinguished by its ability to modify program behavior and class definitions through both compile-time and runtime metaprogramming. It utilizes a hybrid typing model that combines dynamic method resolution with optional static type che
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Opal is a Ruby frontend framework and compiler that translates Ruby source code into JavaScript. It functions as a web runtime that allows for the development of client-side web applications using Ruby instead of JavaScript. The project includes a Ruby HTML template engine that evaluates Ruby code embedded directly within markup files. It further integrates with JavaScript environments by bundling core libraries and dependencies into a distribution string for execution in a web browser. The system provides capabilities for Ruby to JavaScript compilation and the ability to encode and decode B