Open-source alternatives to Solvespace

Fornjot is a CAD modeling kernel and 3D geometry engine designed for the creation and manipulation of precise mechanical shapes. It functions as a B-Rep 3D modeling kernel, using boundary representation to define the shapes and topologies of three-dimensional models. The project provides a B-Rep geometry visualizer to render 3D models in a windowed environment for visual verification. It also includes a pipeline to export internal geometric representations into external data formats for compatibility with other software. The engine covers geometric modeling through primitive-based constructi

OpenSCAD is a script-based 3D modeler and parametric CAD tool that generates three-dimensional solid objects from programmable scripts. It utilizes a constructive solid geometry engine to create complex shapes by performing boolean operations on basic geometric primitives. The system functions as a compiler that transforms a functional language into geometric representations, allowing for precise dimensional control through variables and functions. It features a WebAssembly implementation that enables the geometry pipeline to execute directly within web browsers. The software covers a broad

mujoco_menagerie is a curated library of physical robot specifications and XML model definitions designed for standardized dynamics and contact simulation. It provides a collection of high-quality robot model files for humanoids, quadrupeds, and manipulators, alongside detailed kinematic and inertial parameters used to reproduce real-world robot behavior in virtual environments. The project serves as a repository of robotics simulation assets and MJCF model definitions optimized for accuracy. It includes standardized model libraries specifically for bipedal, quadrupedal, and humanoid hardware

Cura is 3D printer slicing software and a G-code generator that converts 3D models into machine-readable instructions. It provides a management interface for configuring printer profiles and coordinating additive manufacturing workflows. The software includes a multi-extruder print controller for defining multi-material or multi-nozzle hardware setups. It supports custom printer integration by allowing users to define machine dimensions and G-code requirements for hardware not included in default lists. The platform covers remote print management through integration with external print serve

Trois is a declarative 3D scene manager and a Three.js component library for Vue 3. It acts as a reactive wrapper that maps Three.js scene graphs and materials to a Vue component tree, allowing for the creation of web-based 3D renderers using HTML-like templates. The project synchronizes a reactive component tree with a 3D scene graph through proxy-based state binding and reactive property mapping. It features a component-based scene graph that manages spatial transformations and object lifetimes, integrating a requestAnimationFrame loop with component lifecycle events. The library covers a

This project is a web-based 3D architectural editor used for creating and sharing building projects. It functions as a core architectural engine that combines a GPU-accelerated web renderer with parametric 3D design tools to visualize and navigate complex models within a browser. The editor features a parametric geometry engine that automates the creation of mitered wall corners and cutouts for doors and windows. It includes an IFC model importer to convert Industry Foundation Classes files into editable 3D scenes and a hierarchical spatial manager to organize building elements from the site

This project is a Three.js utility library and a collection of declarative React components designed for building 3D scenes. It provides a set of abstractions that wrap low-level primitives to manage lifecycles and memory disposal, serving as a geometry generator, a post-processing pipeline, and a scroll-driven animation tool. The library is distinguished by its specialized camera control systems, which include unified abstractions for orbit and perspective views as well as real-time face tracking and landmark detection via webcam feeds. It also features interactive transform gizmos for objec

Trianglify is an algorithmic background generator and vector art toolkit used to produce pseudo-random geometric patterns and polygonal meshes. It functions as a rendering engine that converts geometric data into either scalable vector graphics or rasterized canvas elements. The system utilizes deterministic pattern generation via seed values to ensure consistent geometric output. It supports customizable color gradients, coordinate grid jittering, and custom geometry definitions to control the placement and shape of the generated meshes. The project covers algorithmic art generation and gen

Bambu Studio is a 3D printing slicer, CAD model processor, multi-material print manager, and 3D printer control interface. It converts 3D models into G-code instructions for 3D printers and serves as a remote dashboard for monitoring hardware status and managing print progress. The software distinguishes itself by importing high-precision CAD data in STEP format to ensure accurate slicing. It features a multi-material painting system that allows users to assign different filaments to specific areas of a model to create multi-colored objects. The platform covers additive manufacturing workflo

ogl is a WebGL graphics library and 3D scene graph engine designed for rendering three-dimensional scenes. It provides a lightweight framework for managing geometries and coordinating spatial transformations within a hierarchical system. The project includes a PBR shader system for creating realistic materials and a GPGPU computation framework for performing large-scale general-purpose calculations and particle simulations on the graphics processor. It also features a post-processing suite for applying visual filters to rendered scenes via frame buffers. The library covers broader capabiliti

Assimp is a cross-platform 3D asset pipeline and import library that loads numerous industry-standard 3D file formats into a single unified internal data structure. It functions as a framework for converting 3D models between different file formats across multiple operating systems and architectures. The project provides a 3D mesh processing tool for normalizing and optimizing geometry through triangulation, vertex removal, and normal generation. It also includes a 3D asset export utility to write internal scene data back into various external file formats. The system covers broad capability

Primitive is an algorithmic art generator and geometric image reconstruction tool that transforms raster images into stylized vector compositions. It functions as an iterative shape optimizer and raster-to-vector converter, approximating pixel-based photos by layering geometric primitives such as triangles, circles, and rectangles. The project utilizes a search algorithm to determine the optimal position, size, and color for each shape to minimize the visual difference from the source image. Users can apply shape constraint definitions to control the properties and orientations of the geometr

webgl-fundamentals is a comprehensive educational resource and graphics tutorial for learning hardware-accelerated 2D and 3D rendering using the WebGL API. It serves as a structured 3D graphics curriculum and GPU programming reference, guiding users through the graphics pipeline from basic geometry to advanced rendering techniques. The project provides detailed guides on GLSL shader development, including the creation of vertex and fragment shaders. It specifically focuses on the implementation of real-time lighting models—such as directional, point, and spot lighting—and the application of s

libigl is a C++ geometry processing library used for analyzing and manipulating 3D triangle and tetrahedral meshes. It functions as a numerical linear algebra suite and a mesh manipulation framework, integrating a geometric deformation engine to implement rigid and polyharmonic transformations. The project is distinguished by its header-only library design and its implementation of specialized deformation techniques, including rigid-as-possible and polyharmonic shape deformation. It also provides a visualization tool for rendering surfaces and scalar fields with interactive scene controls and

DeepXDE is a scientific machine learning library and deep learning PDE solver used to compute solutions for forward and inverse ordinary, partial, and integro-differential equations. It functions as a physics-informed neural network library that embeds physical laws and boundary conditions directly into the neural network loss function. The project provides a deep operator network framework for learning operator mappings that approximate relationships between functions in multiphysics problems. It is implemented as a multi-backend tensor library, allowing the system to switch between differen

Orillusion is a WebGPU 3D rendering engine designed for high-fidelity scenes and visual effects in the browser. It functions as a GPU compute framework for parallel mathematical operations and a physically-based rendering graphics pipeline for realistic materials and surfaces. The system also includes a web-based 3D animation toolkit for driving skeletal animations and interpolating vertex positions. The engine is distinguished by its use of an entity component system for scene logic and a macro-based shader generation system that creates multiple shader variants. It optimizes performance thr

Textures is a data-driven texture library and SVG pattern generator designed to create scalable vector graphic patterns. It serves as a vector graphics utility for programmatically building repeating patterns and fills for web-based data visualizations. The library focuses on using structured data to generate visual textures that distinguish between different categories of information. It employs a data-driven approach to create custom backgrounds and surface details, providing an alternative to color-based styling in charts and maps. The system handles the generation of repeating textures t

Pinocchio is a multi-body dynamics engine and rigid body physics library designed for computing forward and inverse kinematics and dynamics for articulated rigid-body systems. It functions as a robot kinematics solver and model parser, enabling the analysis of complex robotic systems through kinematic and dynamic computations. The project distinguishes itself with specialized capabilities for constrained dynamics, including the calculation of contact impulses and centroidal momentum. It provides a parallel processing collision detection system for computing minimal distances between rigid bod

tinygltf is a C++ library designed as a parser, serializer, and validation tool for 3D models in the glTF 2.0 binary and JSON formats. It functions as a streaming processor that can handle large 3D asset files incrementally through a callback-driven approach to reduce memory overhead. The library uses a header-only implementation to simplify integration. It employs memory mapping to map binary buffers directly into memory and utilizes a symmetric parse-write pipeline to maintain data consistency between reading and writing files. The system provides capabilities for 3D asset processing, incl

This project is a mathematical visualization library and a collection of algorithmic art. It serves as a data visualization guide and an interactive visualizer, providing a set of implementations for rendering complex geometric shapes and mathematical concepts through code. The collection focuses on generating aesthetic patterns and precise graphic elements, including fractals, Bezier curves, and Lissajous patterns. It uses recursive functions and iterative algorithms to produce complex geometric structures and algorithmic art. The library covers a range of capabilities including interactive

This project provides a complete set of design files and hardware specifications for a 3D-printable industrial-style robot arm. The system includes a CAN bus robot controller for managing stepper motors and sensors, a kinematics engine for calculating joint angles and poses, and a UDP-based Python API for sending motion commands and monitoring telemetry. The system features a force-controlled robotic gripper that utilizes field-oriented control on stepper motors to enable compliant grasping and precise force sensing. It also includes a 3D position visualization tool for real-time telemetry tr

This project is an RGB-D image inpainting tool and framework for 3D photo reconstruction. It transforms single 2D images into 3D content by estimating monocular depth and synthesizing missing color and depth data to fill occluded regions. The system uses a layered depth image representation to manage scene boundaries and pixel connectivity. This allows for novel view synthesis, enabling the generation of videos that simulate motion parallax effects from different camera perspectives. The project covers a range of spatial modeling capabilities, including depth map estimation, disparity-based

Threestudio is a 3D generative AI framework designed to create three-dimensional assets from text prompts and images. It provides specialized pipelines for text-to-3D generation and image-to-3D reconstruction, utilizing a neural radiance field trainer to produce geometry and textures. The framework is distinguished by its support for hybrid geometry backends, including signed distance functions, tetrahedra grids, and volume grids. It employs score distillation sampling to guide the generation process and features a modular plugin system for loading custom modules and nodes. The system covers

Armortools is a 3D PBR texture painting suite and mesh texture workflow tool. It provides a system for painting physically based rendering materials directly onto 3D meshes using a combination of layer and mask support, a GPU-accelerated texture baker for extracting geometry data from high-polygon models, and a node-based material editor for creating procedural textures. The software features integrated neural network tools for AI texture authoring, allowing the generation of PBR maps from text prompts, image-based material extraction, and texture upscaling via local nodes. It also implements

MeshLab is an open-source 3D mesh processing system designed for editing and analyzing unstructured triangular meshes. It functions as a triangular mesh editor, a model visualization suite, and a conversion tool for transforming 3D mesh data between various file formats. The software provides tools for cleaning, healing, and optimizing large 3D models generated from raw digitization and scanning data. It enables the preparation of models for physical 3D printing and the application of surface textures to evaluate the visual appearance of digital models. The system covers a broad range of cap

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PrusaSlicer is a G-code generator that converts 3D models into machine instructions for FFF and mSLA printers, handling slicing, infill, and support generation. It provides a command-line slicing interface for processing models and profiles via terminal commands without a graphical user interface, and includes a G-code customization engine that inserts user-defined macros, variables, and post-processing scripts into generated G-code for tailored machine control. The software also manages multi-material prints by coordinating multiple extruders and filament colors, assigning materials to model