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rack avatar

rack/rack

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Rack

Rack is a minimal interface that standardizes how Ruby web servers and frameworks communicate. It provides a web application interface and a web server interface, enabling Ruby applications to run across different server implementations by using a common environment hash and a standardized response tuple.

The project implements a modular HTTP middleware pipeline, allowing requests and responses to be intercepted and modified through a sequence of callable objects. It supports low-level connection management, including TCP connection hijacking for custom protocol handling, protocol upgrade signaling, and bi-directional data streaming.

The capability surface extends to request and response handling, including binary request stream reading and incremental response streaming. It provides tools for session management, application path routing, and the delivery of static files from the local filesystem. For quality assurance, it includes utilities for mocking HTTP traffic and simulating server environments.

The project includes a command-line tool to launch compatible web servers for hosting applications.

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Features

  • Web Environment Interfaces - Provides a standardized environment hash to decouple web servers from application logic.
  • Web Server Interfaces - Provides a standardized interface that decouples Ruby web servers from the frameworks they host.
  • Binary Request Stream Interfaces - Enables access to raw HTTP request bodies via binary-mode input streams with buffered reads.
  • Response Tuple Specifications - Standardizes the server response as a simple array containing a status code, response headers, and a body.
  • HTTP Request and Response Handlers - Provides comprehensive tools for processing raw request streams and managing HTTP response delivery.
  • Request Interception Middleware - Implements a modular middleware pipeline to intercept and modify requests and responses.
  • HTTP Middleware Pipelines - Implements a modular pipeline of callable objects to intercept and modify HTTP requests and responses.
  • Ruby Web Server Interfaces - Standardizes how Ruby web servers and frameworks communicate via a common environment hash and response tuple.
  • Web Application Interfaces - Provides a specification that enables Ruby applications to run across different server implementations without modification.
  • Session Data Stores - Provides a standardized hash-like interface for storing and retrieving persistent user data across requests.
  • Response Body Streaming - Implements incremental response body delivery using a callable object that responds to each.
  • Response Body Callbacks - Handles two-way server-client communication by passing a callback as the response body.
  • Connection Hijacking - Allows taking direct control of raw TCP connections to bypass standard request-response cycles.
  • TCP Connection Hijacking - Allows direct control of raw TCP connections to bypass standard request-response cycles.
  • Application Instance Routing - Maps specific URL paths to different application instances within a single process.
  • Application Environment Mocking - Includes utilities to simulate the server environment and response tuples for application testing.
  • API Request Mocking - Simulates requests and responses in a testing environment to verify application behavior.
  • HTTP Traffic Simulation - Includes utilities to simulate HTTP requests and responses for testing application behavior.
  • Incremental Response Streaming - Provides the ability to stream HTTP response bodies incrementally to the client.
  • Multipart Form Parsing - Parses multipart/form-data requests to extract uploaded files and form fields.
  • Protocol Upgrades - Enables signaling the web server to upgrade the protocol via environment headers.
  • Filesystem Static File Servings - Delivers static files and directory indexes from the local filesystem to the client.
  • Static File Servers - Includes a built-in implementation for serving static files and directory indexes from the filesystem.
5,124 stars·1,676 forks·Ruby·22 views

Star history

Star history chart for rack/rackStar history chart for rack/rack

How this analysis was created: This summary and feature list are AI-generated from collected project material and can contain mistakes. Stars, license and language are imported from GitHub. Inclusion does not mean that we have tested or audited this project. Check the source documentation for any feature you depend on. Learn more on our About page.

Frequently asked questions

What does rack/rack do?

Rack is a minimal interface that standardizes how Ruby web servers and frameworks communicate. It provides a web application interface and a web server interface, enabling Ruby applications to run across different server implementations by using a common environment hash and a standardized response tuple.

What are the main features of rack/rack?

The main features of rack/rack are: Web Environment Interfaces, Web Server Interfaces, Binary Request Stream Interfaces, Response Tuple Specifications, HTTP Request and Response Handlers, Request Interception Middleware, HTTP Middleware Pipelines, Ruby Web Server Interfaces.

Which projects share features with rack/rack?

Projects with overlapping indexed features include: aws/aws-sdk-php — The AWS SDK for PHP is a software development kit that provides HTTP client classes for every supported Amazon Web… oakserver/oak — Oak is a cross-runtime HTTP middleware framework and web server designed to operate across Deno, Node.js, Bun, and… http-rs/tide — Tide is an asynchronous web server framework and HTTP toolkit for the Rust programming language. It provides a system… elysiajs/elysia — Elysia is a high-performance TypeScript web framework designed for building type-safe backend services. It provides a… emicklei/go-restful — go-restful is a framework for building RESTful web services in Go. It functions as a toolkit for managing API… elbywan/wretch — Wretch is a chainable HTTP client library and Fetch API wrapper designed to simplify network request configuration,…

Projects sharing features with Rack

These projects share indexed features with Rack. Shared tags can include platform or build tooling; verify the primary use case before treating a result as a replacement.
  • aws/aws-sdk-phpaws avatar

    aws/aws-sdk-php

    6,191View on GitHub↗

    The AWS SDK for PHP is a software development kit that provides HTTP client classes for every supported Amazon Web Service, enabling PHP applications to send authenticated requests and receive structured, typed response objects. It includes a credential resolution chain that automatically locates credentials from environment variables, instance profiles, or configuration files, and supports promise-based asynchronous execution for running multiple API calls concurrently to improve throughput. The SDK distinguishes itself through a middleware pipeline architecture that allows interception and

    PHP
    View on GitHub↗6,191
  • oakserver/oakoakserver avatar

    oakserver/oak

    5,408View on GitHub↗

    Oak is a cross-runtime HTTP middleware framework and web server designed to operate across Deno, Node.js, Bun, and Cloudflare Workers. It provides a unified system for building APIs and web servers using a sequential chain of middleware functions and a hierarchical routing engine that maps URL paths to handlers via a nested tree structure. The framework includes a runtime-agnostic serverless adapter that translates diverse cloud provider events into a standard request and response interface. It also features a dedicated WebSocket server implementation for bidirectional real-time communication

    TypeScript
    View on GitHub↗5,408
  • http-rs/tidehttp-rs avatar

    http-rs/tide

    5,099View on GitHub↗

    Tide is an asynchronous web server framework and HTTP toolkit for the Rust programming language. It provides a system for building high-concurrency network applications and REST APIs using non-blocking I/O and asynchronous runtimes. The framework is centered around a middleware-based request pipeline, allowing developers to intercept and process HTTP requests and responses through pluggable logic layers. It supports a hierarchical route tree to organize endpoints into nested groups that share common path prefixes and scoped middleware. Capability areas include real-time communication via Web

    Rust
    View on GitHub↗5,099
  • elysiajs/elysiaelysiajs avatar

    elysiajs/elysia

    18,531View on GitHub↗

    Elysia is a high-performance TypeScript web framework designed for building type-safe backend services. It provides a modular, plugin-based architecture that allows developers to compose server logic, middleware, and validation schemas into scalable application instances. By leveraging native web standards, the framework ensures portability across diverse JavaScript runtimes, including Node.js, Deno, and various edge computing environments. The framework distinguishes itself through its focus on end-to-end type safety, automatically synchronizing request and response definitions between the s

    TypeScriptbunframeworkhttp
    View on GitHub↗18,531
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