stellar/stellar-core

Features

• Distributed Ledger Nodes - Runs network nodes that validate state transitions and maintain the shared distributed ledger.
• Transaction Consensus Mechanisms - Implements a multi-stage federated voting process to achieve consensus on the transaction set.
• Validator Nodes - Runs and maintains specialized validator nodes that execute the federated consensus process to secure the network.
• Federated Byzantine Agreement Protocols - Implements the Federated Byzantine Agreement system to synchronize the distributed state machine across validator nodes.
• Federated Consensus Coordination - Coordinates the externalization of candidate values across a federated network to ensure state agreement.
• Shared Ledger Maintenance - Processes transactions and maintains the global shared state to ensure a consistent record across the distributed network.
• Cryptographic Asset Transfers - Stellar sends payments between accounts, including support for path payments where the received asset differs from the sent asset.
• Node Operations - Provides utilities for operating and configuring network nodes to maintain the replicated state machine.
• Decentralized Exchange Engines - Facilitates digital asset trading through automated liquidity pools and a distributed orderbook engine.
• Digital Asset Management - Creates a new cryptographic asset on the ledger by executing a payment operation from an issuing account.
• Fiat-Digital Asset Bridges - Connects digital assets to traditional banking rails to deposit and withdraw currencies through authorized anchors.
• Fiat-Digital Asset On-Ramps - Connects to anchors to facilitate deposits, withdrawals, and regulatory identity verification.
• Blockchain Financial Integrations - Stellar connects blockchain networks to traditional financial systems through regulated on-and-off ramps.
• Inter-Institutional Payment Protocols - Settles payments between financial institutions outside the network using a standardized communication protocol.
• Limit Order Books - Implements a distributed orderbook for submitting and matching buy and sell requests at specific price thresholds.
• Blockchain-Based Settlements - Handles direct on-chain settlement of value transfers to finalize payments for one-time charges or off-chain channels.
• Orderbook Offer Management - Stellar establishes standing offers to sell one token in exchange for another.
• Token Issuance and Trading - Stellar creates, distributes, and manages tokens through the use of trustlines and transfer mechanisms.
• Asset Representation Conversions - Implements automated pathfinding to convert between dissimilar assets via a distributed marketplace.
• Blockchain - Enables retrieval of real-time account balances and smart contract states for live displays.
• Ledger State Management - Persists the global state of the distributed ledger to disk using a hashed and deduplicated bucket system.
• Cryptographic Asset Minting - Mints new units of a specific asset by sending a payment from an issuing account to a recipient.
• Contract Storage Tiering - Manages contract state across persistent, instance, and temporary storage tiers.
• Data Storage - Provides persistent storage and retrieval of network information with configurable time-to-live settings.
• Digital Token Issuance - Implements the core process of creating and managing custom on-chain currency tokens backed by external assets.
• Quorum-Based Commit Protocols - Verifies that a quorum slice has committed to the specific transaction set for ledger closure.
• Ledger Account Initialization - Creates new ledger accounts by generating a cryptographic keypair and funding them with a minimum balance.
• Ledger Data Pipelines - Extracts and transforms raw blockchain event logs into custom database schemas to optimize query performance.
• Ledger Metadata Parsing - Provides type-safe tools to convert low-level binary ledger data into high-level transaction models.
• Ledger Transaction Submission - Enables the construction and submission of cryptographic transactions to update the shared network state.
• Liquidity Pool Implementations - Provides decentralized liquidity pools that exchange assets using a constant-product mathematical formula.
• Liquidity Provisioning - Allows users to deposit asset pairs into liquidity pools to enable automated market making and earn fees.
• Maximum Supply Caps - Permanently fixes the maximum number of units that can ever exist for a specific asset.
• Path Payment Routing - Routes assets to a target currency through automated path payments to find the most efficient transfer sequence.
• Direct Transfers - Stellar executes various payment types, including direct transfers and path payments, to move value between accounts.
• Transaction Set Nominations - Selects candidate transactions for inclusion in the ledger and ensures all nodes converge on the same set.
• Network Protocol Configurations - Modifies global network configurations through coordinated updates to maintain system-wide consistency.
• Blockchain Node Operation - Provides the core software implementation for maintaining the distributed ledger and participating in network consensus.
• Fee-Based Transaction Prioritization - Stellar charges a small fee for all ledger operations to prevent spam and prioritize transactions.
• Node Synchronization - Fetches missing ledger data from peers or permanent storage to synchronize lagging nodes with the canonical chain.
• Resource Cost Management - Calculates transaction fees and enforces resource limits to prevent network spam and maintain stability.
• Contract Installation - Implements the process of installing and initializing WebAssembly smart contract bytecode on the blockchain ledger.
• Contract Management Utilities - Manages the full smart contract lifecycle, including bytecode uploads, metadata assignment, and logic upgrades.
• Blockchain Network Interaction - Provides the primary mechanisms for applications to interact with the network and submit transactions.
• Distributed Consensus Algorithms - Uses a Federated Byzantine Agreement protocol to synchronize a distributed state machine across nodes.
• Blockchain Integration - Connects wallet applications and anchors to the distributed ledger to facilitate asset movement.
• Full Node Implementations - Implements full nodes that independently validate all transactions and blocks to participate in network consensus.
• Ledger Querying - Provides type-safe packages to retrieve ledger entries and metadata from network archives.
• Peer Connection Management - Manages network peer connections and message flooding to facilitate the exchange of consensus data.
• Smart Contract Development Frameworks - Provides a comprehensive toolkit for writing, deploying, and managing WebAssembly-based smart contracts.
• External Network State Persistence - Stores accounts, balances, and smart contract data to maintain a persistent and recoverable record of the network state.
• Smart Contract - Emulates heap memory using a custom allocator to handle dynamic data requirements for Wasm smart contracts.
• Blockchain Interaction Libraries - Ships language-specific libraries and SDKs to facilitate blockchain interaction and ledger data management.
• Blockchain Runtimes - Provides a runtime environment that manages resource accounting and access to persistent storage for on-chain logic.
• Protocol-Level Contract Interfaces - Deploys a protocol-level interface allowing smart contracts to read balances of native network assets.
• Smart Contract Instantiation - Uploads contract bytecode to the network and instantiates contract instances with unique IDs.
• Trustline Approvals - Requires the asset issuer to approve specific accounts before they can establish a trustline to hold the asset.
• Account Management - Provides systems for creating and managing cryptographic accounts across different network environments.
• Asset Freezing Controls - Prevents the creation of additional tokens by locking the issuing account's ability to sign transactions.
• Asset Trust Line Management - Creates accounts and manages trust lines to hold and track multiple cryptographic assets.
• Asset Trustline Management - Requires accounts to establish a formal relationship with an issuer to hold their assets.
• Asset Trustlines - Establishes trustlines to track liabilities and limit the amount of a specific asset an account can hold.
• Liquidity Pools - Stellar provides decentralized liquidity pools that enable the trading and swapping of digital assets.
• Blockchain Transaction Signing - Handles the cryptographic signing and network submission of asset transfers between accounts.
• Contract Caller Authorization - Verifies the identity and permissions of callers to restrict the execution of specific smart contract functions.
• Cryptographic Signature Verification - Implements cryptographic hashing and digital signature verification to ensure transaction integrity within the smart contract environment.
• Multi-Signature Authorization - Implements threshold-based multi-signature authorization requiring multiple cryptographic signers for transaction approval.
• Identity & Key Management - Provides comprehensive tools and protocols for managing cryptographic identities and secure key storage on the network.
• Key Derivation Schemes - Generates multiple cryptographic keys from a single seed using standardized methods for wallet compatibility.
• Permission-Based Access Control - Evaluates whether specific ledger operations are permitted based on a defined permission-based access control model.
• Access Control - Secures contract accounts using cryptographic public keys, multisig configurations, and custom authorization policies.
• Smart Contract Access Controls - Defines specific on-chain permissions that allow smart contracts to act on behalf of a user account.
• Token Clawbacks - Provides mechanisms for issuers to reclaim or burn tokens from holder accounts for regulatory or security reasons.
• Programmable Token Logic - Provides a standardized interface for developing programmable tokens with specialized behaviors like automated factory deployment.
• Weighted Quorum Authorizations - Controls account access through weighted quorum authorizations, requiring a cumulative weight threshold of public keys.
• Validator Trust Sets - Defines trusted nodes and agreement thresholds to determine the quorum required for consensus.
• User Account Management - Manages the storage of account balances and the signing of transactions.
• Wallet Integrations - Integrates external wallet applications to interact with user accounts and cryptographically sign transactions.
• Compliant Token Implementations - Stellar develops fungible or non-fungible token contracts following industry standards.
• Contract Upgradeability - Implements mechanisms to update smart contract bytecode while preserving the internal persistent state.
• Distributed Consensus Protocols - Implements a Federated Byzantine Agreement system to achieve agreement on state across a distributed network of nodes.
• State Management - Maintains persistent state by storing and updating data values directly within smart contracts.
• Native Asset Issuance - Provides native network-level asset creation and management without requiring external smart contract protocols.
• Ledger History Retrieval - Allows access to the complete historical record of the ledger through a dedicated archive service.
• Standard Asset Settlement - Allows payments to be settled using any token compliant with standard asset specifications.
• Asset Identifier Definitions - Assigns unique identifying codes to assets using alphanumeric formats or liquidity pool identifiers.
• WASM Smart Contract Runtimes - Ships an on-chain runtime environment for executing WebAssembly bytecode with resource metering.
• Resource Metering - Tracks precise CPU and memory consumption during smart contract runtime to ensure fair billing and network stability.
• Execution Cost Analysis - Analyzes the execution efficiency and resource consumption of smart contracts to optimize operational fees.
• Smart Contract Function Invocations - Invokes programmatic logic within deployed smart contracts via generated libraries and API calls.
• Smart Contract Analyzers - Uses static-analysis tools to identify vulnerabilities and common pitfalls in smart contracts before deployment.
• Big Data and Analytics - Analyzes large-scale transaction flows and network metrics to support business intelligence and forensic tracing.
• KYC Delegation Flows - Stellar delegates KYC collection to a third-party anchor via a hosted webview to complete financial transactions.
• Passive Order Placement - Supports the submission of passive orders to maintain zero-spread markets by avoiding immediate execution against existing orders.
• AI Agent Payment Frameworks - Enables AI agents to negotiate and settle per-request payments over HTTP using machine-readable layers.
• Claimable Payment Objects - Implements payment objects that recipients must actively claim to receive funds.
• Archive Storage - Moves historical state data to specialized archival storage to optimize the size of the active ledger.
• Blockchain Data Analytics - Extracts and queries historical ledger records and transaction metadata to analyze ecosystem trends.
• Asset - Writes asset name, symbol, and decimal precision to the ledger in a standardized format for client readability.
• Binary-to-JSON Converters - Translates binary XDR serialization into human-readable JSON for ledger analysis and debugging.
• Data Access and Querying - Provides structured indexing of blockchain data to enable efficient querying of historical and real-time network records.
• Historical Data Querying Interfaces - Retrieves archived ledger information and submits transactions programmatically via a RESTful HTTP interface.
• Network Analysis - Provides tools for analyzing transactions, fees, and network trends using read-only data warehouses.
• Atomic Transfer Chains - Stellar bundles multiple actions, such as payments and account creation, into a single atomic transaction.
• Data Ingestion Pipelines - Builds custom pipelines to capture and process real-time ledger updates and transaction streams.
• Ledger Snapshot Archiving - Writes ledger snapshots and transaction results to a public blob store for node synchronization.
• Ledger Transaction Inspectors - Allows browsing of the cryptographic ledger to verify transaction details and block outcomes.
• Exchange Rate Routing - Calculates optimal exchange rates and provides price quotes for assets to facilitate efficient trading.
• External Feed Integrations - Feeds external data sources into the network to trigger smart contract automation.
• Minimum Balance Requirements - Implements minimum balance requirements for accounts based on the amount of ledger data they manage.
• Binary Ledger Serialization - Encodes ledger data and transactions into binary formats to optimize network performance and storage efficiency.
• Deposit Protocol Standardization - Stellar standardizes how wallets collect user KYC data and transmit it to anchors for financial transactions.
• Asset Withdrawals - Converts digital holdings into physical currency for withdrawal via third-party anchor interfaces.
• On-Chain Protocol Asset Management - Coordinates the exchange of external assets for on-chain assets using standardized APIs and hosted flows.
• Cross-Chain Asset Migration - Transfers existing digital assets from another blockchain to a compatible ledger format.
• On-Chain Storage Rent - Collects payments for smart contract data storage based on entry size and desired persistence duration.
• Ledger Data Lake Export - Acquires raw ledger metadata from the network and exports it to external storage for historical analysis.
• Data Structure Migration - Provides processes for transforming and validating data structures during smart contract bytecode upgrades.
• Token Circulation Controls - Removes assets from circulation using issuer clawbacks or returning assets to the issuing account.
• Token Issuance Management - Stellar deploys and manages asset contracts to define administrative control and issuance rules for tokens.
• Per-Request Payment Verifiers - Settles individual API request charges on-chain using per-request payment verification handshakes.
• Contract Bindings - Creates JavaScript packages from smart contracts to simplify function calls and data encoding.
• Smart Contract Project Scaffolders - Provides scaffolding tools to initialize new smart contract projects with templates and build configurations.
• Asset Identity Metadata - Links cryptographic accounts to domain-hosted configuration files to prove ownership and provide asset details.
• Node Performance Monitoring - Tracks validator uptime and performance using external metrics collectors for node health monitoring.
• Blockchain Network Connections - Provides tools for connecting local environments to mainnet and testnet ledger environments.
• Contract Persistent State Storage - Saves and retrieves data using unique keys to maintain a persistent state modifiable only by the originating contract.
• Local Blockchain Node Hosting - Hosts blockchain node instances to provide JSON-RPC access for network interaction and testing.
• Mainnet Forking - Allows integration testing against forks of the live network or ledger snapshots to verify real-world behavior.
• Local Node API Hosting - Allows developers to host a local API instance for ledger data retrieval and transaction submission.
• Ledger Storage Fee Scaling - Adjusts write fees based on the current size of the ledger to manage storage demand.
• Smart Contract Deployment Pipelines - Manages the publishing and versioning of WebAssembly binaries to an on-chain registry for smart contracts.
• Contract-Based Deployment Automations - Uses a dedicated contract to automate the deployment and initialization of other smart contracts.
• Programmatic Asset Deployment - Creates token contracts on the ledger either manually or programmatically from within other contracts.
• Standard Library Modules - Integrates audited modules for role-based access control, time locks, and fixed-point mathematics.
• Human-Readable Identifier Mappings - Maps human-readable email-like identifiers to account IDs through a federation protocol.
• Account Authentication - Establishes authenticated web sessions by proving a user controls a specific account or set of signers.
• Interoperability Standards - Implements open-source protocols to standardize how wallets and providers exchange payment data.
• Cross-Chain Bridges - Facilitates the movement of native assets between compatible blockchain networks without third-party bridges.
• Cross-Chain Messaging Protocols - Enables secure data exchange and operation coordination between smart contracts on different blockchains.
• Real-Time Event Streaming - Provides real-time streaming and filtering of contract and diagnostic events from the ledger.
• On-Chain State Change Observers - Tracks off-chain value movements and smart contract changes to provide network activity visibility.
• Off-Chain Payment Channels - Implements unidirectional payment channels to enable high-frequency off-chain micropayments.
• Automated Payment Channel Lifecycles - Provides the mechanism to transfer the highest tracked cumulative commitment from a payment channel to a recipient.
• On-Chain Payment Executions - Provides the ability to trigger smart contract transfers for immediate on-chain payment settlement.
• Health Status APIs - Provides programmatic interfaces to check network health, versioning, and environment identity.
• Event-Driven Contract Notifications - Publishes state changes as events that external applications can ingest to react to contract activity.
• Bytecode Resource Optimization - Reduces the size and resource consumption of compiled contract bytecode to optimize on-chain efficiency.
• Contract Event Emissions - Stellar publishes events from a smart contract to notify external observers of state changes.
• Contract Lifecycle Expiration Management - Modifies time-to-live settings for contract instances and code to prevent premature expiration from the ledger.
• Spending Limits - Enforces on-chain spending constraints, such as spend caps and timelocks, to restrict asset transfers.
• Self-Custodial - Supports non-custodial, custodial, and multisig recovery models for secret key storage.
• Account Recovery - Implements a multi-party recovery protocol using pre-registered servers to regain control of lost accounts.
• Asset Clawbacks - Stellar burns specific amounts of enabled assets from a trustline or claimable balance via clawbacks.
• Atomic Asset Swaps - Stellar exchanges tokens between authorized users in a single transaction to ensure settlement.
• Compliance Rule Enforcement - Enforces regulatory compliance by restricting asset transfers via on-chain validation hooks and issuer approvals.
• Zero-Knowledge Hash Functions - Generates Poseidon and Poseidon2 cryptographic hashes optimized for zero-knowledge proof use cases.
• Elliptic Curve Cryptography - Executes specialized BN254 and BLS12-381 elliptic curve calculations via host functions for advanced cryptographic verification.
• Custom Authorization Logic - Enforces custom, programmable authorization rules and signer checks, including support for hardware keys and passkeys.
• User Identity Verification - Executes standardized authentication and KYC processes to ensure users meet regulatory identity requirements.
• Identity Issuance - Links validator nodes to real-world organizations by publishing on-chain identity records.
• Identity Verification - Manages KYC and AML compliance by handling customer identity verification workflows.
• Network Intent Validations - Uses unique network passphrases and IDs during hashing to ensure transactions are submitted to the intended network.
• ZK-Friendly Hash Computations - Generates Poseidon hashes over finite fields to minimize computational constraints within zero-knowledge circuits.
• Token Allowance Controls - Manages the ability of third parties to spend or burn tokens on behalf of an account.
• Cross-Contract Token Transfers - Facilitates the movement of assets between standard user accounts and smart contracts using trust lines.
• Smart Accounts - Creates contract-based wallets that separate signers and enforcement policies through programmable account logic.
• Asset Administration Management - Assigns and updates administrative accounts responsible for privileged operations on deployed asset contracts.
• On-Chain Payment Verification - Simulates on-chain execution and checks protocol versions to verify that a payment will succeed.
• Transaction Fee Sponsorships - Allows server-controlled accounts to pay network fees on behalf of clients.
• Transaction Signing - Prompts browser wallets to cryptographically sign transactions and authorizations for smart contracts.
• Signing Delegation - Utilizes a standardized URI scheme to delegate transaction signing to trusted wallets without exposing secret keys.
• Transaction Validation - Validates financial transactions against optional preconditions and time bounds to ensure specific execution parameters.
• Credential Delegation - Assigns specific authorization capabilities to credentials bound to addresses to manage delegated access control.
• Zero-Knowledge Proof Frameworks - Validates succinct zero-knowledge proofs on-chain using BN254 elliptic curve pairings.
• Smart Contract - Provides a testing harness that supports unit, integration, and mutation tests with mocks and simulated network environments.
• State Transition Validation - Tests specific contract behaviors, including authorization rules and event emissions, to ensure correct state transitions.
• Fungible Token Standards - Implements fungible token standards with support for supply caps, burnable tokens, and transfer allowlists.
• Interchain Token Transfers - Enables the secure transfer and connection of tokens across multiple blockchains to preserve asset fungibility.
• Non-Fungible Token Implementations - Implements non-fungible token contracts with support for batch minting and creator royalties.
• Payment Distribution Systems - Facilitates the distribution of payments to large groups of recipients from a single organizational source.
• Secure Contract Libraries - Provides a library of pre-verified and audited contract templates to ensure the deployment of secure applications.
• Self-Executing Agreements - Executes self-executing programs on the blockchain that automatically enforce specified agreement terms.
• Smart Contract Error Analysis - Defines and generates specific error messages to manage and classify failure states during contract execution.
• Asset Bridging Contracts - Deploys standardized contracts that enable smart contracts to read and write balances for existing network assets.
• Token Contract Interactions - Executes token payments through smart contract interactions integrated with browser extension wallets.
• Ledger History Maintenance - Publishes transaction and ledger entries to permanent off-site storage for auditing and network recovery.
• Ledger History Publication - Stores and serves a cryptographic ledger history via blob storage and HTTP servers.
• Token Interface Standards - Standardizes the behavior of contract-based tokens to ensure interoperability for transfers and balance checks.
• Compliant Token Implementations - Builds tokens with integrated identity management and regulatory frameworks for KYC/AML compliance.
• Tokenized Asset Vaults - Implements tokenized vaults that manage asset pools and issue shares representing proportional ownership for DeFi.
• Node Administration - Provides a command-line interface for administrative control of the network node and its state machine.
• Real-Time Node Health Monitors - Tracks the real-time status and performance metrics of the consensus network.
• Contract Execution Debugging - Writes logs during contract execution to trace logic and identify bugs in transaction traces.
• Smart Contract Fuzzing - Uses fuzz testing to identify edge cases and ensure the reliability of smart contract logic.
• Ledger Forensic Analysis - Queries full network history to extract trends and perform forensic analysis of ledger data.
• Local Network Simulators - Simulates a full node environment on a local machine for blockchain application development and testing.
• Non-Committing Transaction Simulations - Predicts the outcome and fee costs of transactions before submission by running them through a preflight environment.
• Decentralized Application Interfaces - Provides tools to create user interfaces for blockchain applications using standard web frameworks and SDKs.
• Contract Type Generators - Produces TypeScript definitions from contract specifications to enable typed interactions with the ledger.
• Blockchain Interface Construction - Enables the creation of user interfaces and interaction layers that integrate with blockchain logic or smart contracts.
• Smart Contract Environments - Provides a runtime environment that supports executing smart contracts from within other contracts.
• Adversarial Logic Testing - Employs fuzzing, property testing, and differential analysis to identify vulnerabilities and unintended changes in smart contract logic.
• Contract Call Simulators - Simulates smart contract function execution locally to provide instant results without consuming network fees.
• Governance Parameters - Manages execution environment settings via on-ledger proposals and validator voting.
• Smart Contract Callers - Provides a JSON-RPC interface for reading ledger state and executing functions on smart contracts.
• Cross-Contract Calls - Allows smart contracts to invoke functions in other contracts to coordinate complex workflows.
• Smart Contract Frontend Integrations - Maps smart contract functions to frontend calls using contract IDs and network configuration.
• Contract Templates - Produces secure, audited boilerplate code for common decentralized application patterns.

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