elixir-ecto/ecto
Ecto
Ecto is an Elixir database toolkit that maps database rows to Elixir structs and validates data changes through changesets before persistence. It provides a language-integrated query syntax for composing database queries, building them incrementally and securely with compile-time expansion into safe SQL.
The toolkit connects to multiple database backends including PostgreSQL, MySQL, MSSQL, SQLite3, ClickHouse, and ETS through a pluggable adapter interface. It supports eager and lazy preloading of associated records to eliminate N+1 query problems, and can store nested data structures as embedded columns within parent tables. Changesets provide a pipeline for casting, validating, and tracking field changes before applying them to the database.
Ecto handles full CRUD operations with structured success or error tuples, and includes automated scaffolding for generating database schemas, migrations, and project files. The repository pattern encapsulates database operations behind dedicated modules that return consistent result types.
Features
- Elixir Database Toolkits - An Elixir library for composing database queries and mapping data to structs with a language-integrated query syntax.
- Schema Mapping - Maps application structs to database tables with typed fields and defaults.
- Declarative Struct Mappers - Maps Elixir structs to database tables using declarative field definitions with type casting.
- Data Validation - Validates and tracks field changes through a pipeline of cast and constraint functions.
- Data Validation Libraries - Maps database rows to structs and validates changes through changesets before persistence.
- Database Adapters - Connects to multiple database backends through a pluggable adapter interface.
- Database Query Builders - Chains operations to compose safe, reusable database queries against multiple backends.
- Database Record Operations - Creates, reads, updates, and deletes database records with changeset validation and error handling.
- Database Schema Definitions - Declares database table structures with typed fields and default values for schema management.
- Struct Mapping - Defines the shape of external data as structs, mapping fields and types for structured access.
- Multi-Database Connection Configuration - Interacts with PostgreSQL, MySQL, MSSQL, SQLite3, ClickHouse, and ETS through adapters.
- Repository Patterns - Encapsulates database operations behind repository modules that return structured success or error tuples.
- Macro-Based Query Builders - Builds database queries by chaining Elixir macros that expand into safe SQL at compile time.
- Multi-Database Support - Connects to PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite, and other databases through a unified adapter interface.
- Struct-to-Table Mappings - Maps Elixir structs to database tables with typed fields for structured data access.
- Database Query Chaining - Provides a language-integrated query syntax for chaining database operations together.
- Changeset Trackers - Filters, casts, and validates field changes before applying them to data.
- Database Query Security - Builds database queries using composable syntax that prevents SQL injection attacks.
- N+1 Query Prevention - Fetches associated records eagerly or lazily to eliminate N+1 query problems.
- Schema and Migration Tools - Generates database schemas, migrations, and project files through automated task runners.
- Attribute Filtering - Queries for multiple rows that match a given field value using parameterized queries.
- Eager Loading Strategies - Fetches related records in configurable batches to eliminate N+1 query problems.
- Primary Key Retrievals - Looks up single database rows using their unique identifier fields.
- Record Deletion - Removes previously fetched records from the database, returning success or error tuples.
- Record Insertion - Persists new data by passing a struct or changeset to the repository.
- All-Record Retrievers - Returns every row of a database table as a list of structs for bulk data access.
- Record Updating - Fetches a record, applies changes through a changeset, and persists modifications.
- Single Record Retrievers - Retrieves one database row matching explicit ordering or attribute conditions.
- Embedded Document Columns - Stores nested data structures as embedded columns within parent database tables.
- Database Schema Scaffolding - Generates schema definitions and migration files through automated task runners.
- Database Scaffolders - Scaffolds database schemas, migrations, and project files through automated task runners.
- Nested Struct Serializers - Stores nested data structures as columns within the parent table using database-native encoding.
- Databases and Analytics - Database wrapper and query language for Elixir.
- Databases and ORMs - Database wrapper and language-integrated query framework.
- Elixir Projects - Listed in the “Elixir Projects” section of the Awesome For Beginners awesome list.
