Open-source alternatives to Urllib3

urllib3 is a Python HTTP client library used to send network requests and receive responses. It provides core components for managing HTTP connection pools, routing traffic through proxies, validating TLS certificates, and executing automatic request retries. The library focuses on network reliability and efficiency by maintaining a system that reuses established connections to multiple hosts to reduce latency. It ensures secure communication through client-side certificate verification and handles transient network errors using policy-based retry logic. The project covers broad networking c

Resty is a high-level HTTP client library for Go designed for consuming REST services. It provides a streamlined interface for executing network requests, managing server-sent event streams, and automatically mapping JSON and XML responses into data structures. The library includes built-in mechanisms for service resilience and traffic management, such as circuit breakers to prevent cascading failures, token-bucket rate limiting, and automated request retries with exponential backoff. It also features client-side load balancing to distribute outgoing traffic across multiple base URLs and requ

Requests is a Python HTTP client library used for sending HTTP requests and handling responses. It serves as a network client providing fundamental components for session management, proxy routing, multi-part uploading, and SSL/TLS certificate verification. The project distinguishes itself through a session manager that maintains cookies and reuses TCP connections to improve network performance. It also includes a dedicated multi-part form uploader for transmitting binary data and an integrated SSL/TLS certificate verifier to ensure encrypted and trusted communication. The library covers a b

This is a Ruby HTTP client designed for REST API integration, resource modeling, and automated network communication. It provides a set of tools for managing headers, cookies, and SSL configurations, along with a dedicated command-line interface for executing one-off HTTP commands and managing interactive API testing sessions. The project differentiates itself through its resource modeling capabilities, which allow for the definition of persistent base URLs and credentials to construct nested subresource endpoints. It also features a multipart request handler that detects MIME types to upload

🌳 Tiny & elegant JavaScript HTTP client based on the Fetch API

HTTParty is a Ruby HTTP client library designed for building standardized API clients. It abstracts low-level network primitives into a high-level interface, allowing developers to encapsulate base URIs and request configurations within classes to maintain consistent interactions with remote web services. The library automates the transformation of raw network response data into native Ruby structures by using a registry-based system that parses content based on response headers. It also provides specialized mechanisms for sending multipart form data and streaming large payloads to maintain m

Guzzle is a PHP HTTP client used for sending synchronous and asynchronous requests to web services. It serves as a concurrent HTTP request manager, an HTTP stream handler, and a middleware-based HTTP pipeline. The project is a PSR-7 compliant client, utilizing standardized PHP interfaces for requests, responses, and streams. The library differentiates itself through a customizable functional handler stack that allows for the interception and modification of the request and response lifecycle. It features an adapter-based transport system that enables swapping between network implementations,

This project is a comprehensive Python network request framework designed for both synchronous and asynchronous HTTP communication. It provides a high-performance client capable of executing non-blocking requests within event-driven applications, while also supporting standard blocking calls for simpler scripts. The library is built to operate natively across diverse asynchronous runtimes, automatically detecting and utilizing the underlying event loop for concurrency. What distinguishes this library is its modular architecture, which decouples request construction from network execution thro

node-apn is a Node.js library and push notification driver used to send remote notifications to Apple devices via the Apple Push Notification service. It functions as an HTTP/2 client that manages the construction and transmission of JSON payloads to the Apple notification gateway. The library supports multiple identity verification methods, including certificate-based authentication using PEM or PFX files and token-based authentication with automatically renewing tokens. It includes capabilities for routing traffic through intermediary proxy servers and secure HTTP tunnels to bypass restrict

This is an HTTP client library used for sending and receiving network requests. It functions as an HTTP traffic replicator, a multipart form uploader, and an OAuth request signer, while also serving as an HTTP client capable of routing traffic through Unix domain sockets for local inter-process communication. The project distinguishes itself with the ability to import and parse HTTP Archive JSON files to reproduce recorded network traffic. It also provides cryptographic OAuth signing to secure API access using hashing algorithms and supports routing requests through Unix domain sockets using

Got is a promise-based HTTP request library for Node.js that supports HTTP/2 and streaming. It provides a system for making network requests with a focus on asynchronous control flow and type-safe API client development. The library is distinguished by its middleware-based request lifecycle, which uses interceptors and plugins to modify request options and response data. It includes a configurable automatic retry mechanism with backoff strategies, a built-in HTTP response cache, and a cookie-jar system for maintaining persistent sessions. Broad capabilities cover data handling through duplex

Axios is an isomorphic, promise-based HTTP client designed for making asynchronous network requests across different JavaScript execution environments, including the browser and Node.js. It functions as a JSON API client that serializes JavaScript objects into JSON and parses server responses into structured data. The project features a system for managing reusable client instances with shared configurations, such as base URLs and default settings. It includes a mechanism for intercepting outgoing requests and incoming responses globally, allowing data to be transformed before it reaches the

This project is a PHP compatibility polyfill designed to backport core functions and constants from PHP 7.2 to older versions of the language. It serves as a PHP standard library extension and version backport, providing a compatibility layer that fills gaps in the PHP core to ensure consistent behavior across different environments. The library enables cross-version code portability by implementing missing standard library functions, allowing newer language features to run on legacy PHP environments. This ensures that applications can maintain a consistent interface and remain compatible wit

C++ is a high-level HTTP client library and wrapper for libcurl. It provides a C++ interface for making network requests, managing network sessions, and implementing data transfers. The library distinguishes itself by offering an asynchronous HTTP client capable of executing non-blocking requests via callback interfaces. It also functions as a multipart form uploader for transmitting files and structured data, as well as an SSE stream handler for processing real-time server-sent events over persistent connections. Its broader capabilities cover secure web communication through SSL encryption

Fuel is a Kotlin HTTP client library for Android and Kotlin applications that handles both synchronous and asynchronous web requests. It functions as a network wrapper that supports executing calls via suspending functions in coroutines, reactive streams, and traditional callbacks. The library features built-in integration for Android LiveData to bind network responses directly to observable state holders for user interface updates. It also includes a JSON serialization client that utilizes customizable mappers to convert raw HTTP response bodies into structured data objects. Capability area

Faraday is an HTTP client library for Ruby that sends requests and processes responses through a middleware pipeline with pluggable adapters. Its core identity is built around a middleware-pipeline architecture where HTTP requests and responses flow through a chain of components that can modify, log, or transform data before reaching the backend, combined with an adapter-based backend abstraction that delegates HTTP execution to interchangeable backends like Net::HTTP or Typhoeus. The library distinguishes itself through a parallel-execution engine that dispatches multiple HTTP requests concu

Axios is a promise-based HTTP client used to make asynchronous network requests in both browser and Node.js environments. It functions as a multi-environment network adapter that abstracts the transport layer to ensure consistent behavior across different runtimes. The project distinguishes itself through a request lifecycle management system that allows for the cancellation of active requests, the setting of timeouts, and the monitoring of upload and download transfer progress. It includes a mechanism for intercepting network traffic, enabling the transformation of outgoing requests and inco

node-fetch is a promise-based HTTP client library that provides a lightweight implementation of the Fetch API for the Node.js runtime. It serves as a network interface for performing asynchronous HTTP requests, handling server communication, and managing headers. The library utilizes a promise-based request lifecycle to wrap network calls, ensuring asynchronous behavior. It incorporates stream-based handling for both requests and responses to process large payloads efficiently without overloading system memory. Its capabilities cover a broad range of network communication tasks, including th

Miru is a multimedia content aggregator and proxy-enabled media player that provides a unified interface for streaming videos, reading comics, and browsing novels from multiple external sources. It functions as a JavaScript extension platform, allowing users to add new media sources and application features by integrating custom scripts and provider logic. The application integrates with external media tracking services to synchronize viewing progress and maintain media libraries. It also fetches detailed movie and show information from external databases to enrich content displays with metad

node-fetch is a lightweight HTTP client library that implements the browser-standard Fetch API for Node.js. It provides a promise-based interface for making asynchronous network requests to retrieve or send data from server-side environments. The project specializes in memory-efficient data handling by utilizing request and response streaming. This allows for the incremental processing of large network payloads through native system streams to prevent memory exhaustion. The library covers a broad range of networking capabilities, including the use of custom HTTP agents for DNS and SSL config

Undici is a high-performance HTTP client for Node.js designed to execute network requests while minimizing resource overhead and latency. The project provides specialized capabilities for HTTP request pipelining to increase throughput and memory-based response caching to reduce redundant network calls. It also supports HTTP tunneling and proxying through the establishment of secure two-way communication channels via the connect method. Additionally, the client includes tools for web API polyfilling to provide standard browser network interfaces within Node.js environments. Its functional sur

req is a chainable HTTP client library for Go designed to simplify request configuration and automatic response decoding into structures. It provides a fluent-interface request builder that allows developers to incrementally define request properties and encapsulate HTTP logic into reusable API SDKs. The project distinguishes itself with a TLS fingerprint emulator that mimics browser network signatures to bypass bot detection and crawler filters. It also includes a concurrent file downloader that increases transfer speeds by fetching large remote files in parallel segments. The library cover

This is a Go library providing a framework for managing repetitive task execution and implementing exponential backoff strategies. It serves as a concurrency tool designed to prevent system overload during failures by retrying operations with increasing delays. The project implements a retry strategy framework that manages attempt limits and timeouts during unstable network or system calls. It specifically provides an implementation of the exponential backoff algorithm to handle failing operations. The library covers reliability patterns for mitigating transient failures and service outages,

Higress is an AI API gateway and cloud-native traffic manager that functions as a Kubernetes ingress controller. It provides a centralized system for routing, securing, and optimizing traffic directed toward large language models, AI agents, and microservice architectures. The project distinguishes itself through deep AI orchestration, including the ability to host and manage Model Context Protocol servers that transform REST APIs into tools for AI agents. It features specialized AI infrastructure for model request proxying, protocol translation across multiple providers, and semantic-based c

SpringSide 4 is an enterprise Java reference architecture and utility library built on the Spring Framework. It provides a pragmatic, best-practice application stack for building RESTful web services, web applications, and data access layers, along with a curated collection of high-performance utility classes for common operations like text, date, collection, reflection, concurrency, and I/O handling. The project distinguishes itself by combining a complete reference application scaffold with production-oriented infrastructure. It includes a JPA-based data access layer that automatically tran

This is an asynchronous HTTP client for Android that simplifies network requests by wrapping Apache HttpClient. It provides a callback-based networking library for fetching remote data and communicating with servers without blocking the user interface. The project includes a multipart HTTP uploader for sending binary files and large data payloads, as well as a JSON parser to convert raw response text into structured data objects. It features a session manager that persists cookies in local application preferences to maintain state across multiple requests. Additional capabilities include aut

Curlie is a terminal-based HTTP client and debugging tool used for executing network requests and interacting with REST APIs. It provides a command line interface for sending requests using simplified syntax, with a specific focus on interacting with JSON services. The tool distinguishes itself by converting simplified interactive requests into standard curl commands for external reproduction and sharing. It also features unbuffered data streaming to monitor server responses in real time as they arrive. The project covers a broad range of API testing capabilities, including request prototypi

Feign is a declarative Java HTTP client framework that maps method signatures to REST API requests. It functions as an HTTP interface mapper, allowing the creation of type-safe clients by defining service interfaces with annotations to eliminate manual request logic. The framework features a pluggable HTTP transport layer, which decouples request definition from execution by routing network traffic through interchangeable underlying HTTP engines. It provides a comprehensive request management pipeline including interceptors for modifying headers, policy-driven retry logic for failure recover

Typhoeus is a Ruby wrapper for libcurl that functions as a session-based HTTP client. It provides an interface for making both synchronous and asynchronous network requests. The project acts as a parallel request manager, using a managed queue to execute multiple network requests concurrently. It further distinguishes itself as a mocking tool for stubbing requests with predefined responses and as a caching layer that stores responses to avoid redundant network calls. The library covers a broad range of capabilities including session cookie management, response body streaming for large files,

Crawlee is a web scraping framework designed for building scalable, reliable, and distributed data extraction pipelines. It provides a unified interface for managing headless browser automation and lightweight HTTP requests, allowing developers to handle complex web navigation, dynamic content rendering, and large-scale data collection within a single, modular architecture. The project distinguishes itself through its resource-aware concurrency controller, which dynamically scales task execution based on real-time CPU and memory usage to prevent host machine exhaustion. It also features a rob