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TopoJSON is a topological geographic data format and a set of tools that convert standard GeoJSON into a more compact representation. It reduces file size by encoding shared boundaries between adjacent features as reusable arcs, eliminating duplicate boundary coordinates and preserving the spatial relationships between map regions. The format achieves compression through several encoding techniques. Arc-sharing compression lets neighboring polygons reference a single arc, while coordinate quantization maps geographic coordinates to a fixed integer grid, reducing floating-point precision overh